sailboat give way vessel

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Sailboat vs. Powerboat: Which Is the Give-Way Vessel? Understanding Navigation Rules on the Water

Navigating the waters is an exciting adventure, whether you’re at the helm of a sleek sailboat or commanding a powerful motorboat. However, along with this thrilling journey comes the responsibility of understanding and adhering to the marine navigation rules, specifically those concerning the right of way or the “give-way” vessel. This aspect is vital to maritime safety, ensuring orderly movement and preventing potential collisions on the high seas.

Under the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), a powerboat is typically the give-way vessel when encountering a sailboat under sail. The powerboat should alter its course to avoid a collision. Always confirm specific situations with local and international rules.

This article will delve into the intriguing debate between sailboats and powerboats. We’ll dissect the intricate navigation rules on the water, shedding light on the factors determining which boat must yield. 

This piece promises to be an enlightening read for seasoned mariners and beginners alike, providing essential information for anyone who wishes to tackle the waves responsibly. Remember, knowing these rules isn’t just a matter of etiquette—it’s a crucial component of maritime safety.

Table of Contents

Introduction to Nautical Navigation Rules

Navigating the vast expanse of our world’s waters requires skill and a profound understanding of maritime movement rules. These rules, known as the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), have been established by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and are adhered to by seafarers worldwide. They provide a comprehensive framework for nautical navigation, ensuring that all vessels move in a safe and orderly manner.

Key points in understanding nautical navigation rules include:

• Understanding COLREGs: COLREGs are the universal road rules for boats and ships worldwide to prevent collisions between two or more vessels.
• Right of Way or Give-Way Rules: These rules determine which vessel is responsible for keeping out of the way in encounters with other vessels to avoid collisions.
• Sound and Light Signals: COLREGs establish a system of sound and light signals so vessels can communicate their intentions in various scenarios, especially in poor visibility.
• Navigation Lights and Shapes: Vessels must display specific lights and shapes in different situations to indicate their status to other vessels.
• Steering and Sailing Rules: These rules determine vessels’ actions in the sight of one another to prevent collisions.
• Special Circumstances: There are also rules for special circumstances, such as vessels not under command, constrained by draft, engaged in fishing , or sailing in narrow channels.

Understanding the Concept of the Give-Way Vessel

Understanding the concept of the give-way vessel is fundamental to maritime navigation. In nautical terms, a ‘give-way’ vessel refers to the boat required to alter its course or speed to avoid colliding with another boat, the ‘stand-on’ vessel. Essentially, the give-way vessel must yield to the stand-on vessel. 

These designations help create an orderly flow of traffic on the water and significantly reduce the risk of collisions. It’s important to note that these roles can change based on various factors, including the type of vessels involved, their relative positions, and the environmental conditions.

The responsibility of the give-way vessel does not absolve the stand-on vessel of all duties. If it becomes apparent that the give-way vessel is not taking appropriate action to avoid a collision, the stand-on vessel must take evasive action. 

Regardless of their designation, both vessels share a mutual obligation to avoid incidents at sea. Understanding these dynamics and responsibilities is crucial for all mariners, as it contributes to safer navigation and fosters a culture of mutual respect and cooperation on the waterways.

Sailboats vs. Powerboats: A Basic Overview

Sailboats and powerboats represent two distinct modes of marine transportation, each with unique characteristics, advantages, and challenges. Sailboats, propelled primarily by wind action on their sails, offer an eco-friendly, serene, and often sportive seafaring way. On the other hand, powerboats, driven by mechanical engines, provide speed, power, and often more control, particularly in challenging weather conditions. Each type requires different skill sets and knowledge to operate safely and efficiently.

Key characteristics of sailboats and powerboats include:

• Propulsion: Sailboats rely on the wind acting on sails, rigging, and hull for propulsion. In contrast, powerboats use engines (inboard, outboard, or stern-drive) for movement.
• Speed: Powerboats generally offer higher speeds than sailboats, making them suitable for water skiing, racing, or quick transportation. Sailboats, being wind-dependent, can’t match the speed of a motorboat but offer a more leisurely pace.
• Maneuverability: Powerboats usually have superior maneuverability due to their engines. Sailboats, reliant on wind and currents, require more skill and understanding of these elements for effective control.
• Fuel efficiency and environmental impact: Sailboats are more environmentally friendly and fuel-efficient as they use wind power. Powerboats rely on fuel, which leads to emissions and potential environmental impact.
• Skills and knowledge required: Operating a sailboat requires knowledge of sailing techniques and wind patterns. Powerboat operation is typically more straightforward but requires an understanding of engine operation and maintenance.

The Role of a Powerboat in Marine Traffic

Powerboats play a significant role in the vast and diverse arena of marine traffic due to their speed, maneuverability, and versatility. These vessels can range from small personal watercraft and motorboats to larger yachts and ships, all powered by engines. 

Their mechanical propulsion allows them to move independently of wind and current conditions, giving them an advantage in certain navigational situations. They can quickly respond to changes in direction, making them particularly valuable in congested waters or emergencies.

However, this power and speed come with responsibilities. Powerboats are generally considered the give-way vessel when encountering sailboats under sail, mainly because they have more control over their course and speed. They are expected to be vigilant and proactive in avoiding collisions, altering course or speed as needed. 

Also, due to their potential to create a significant wake, powerboat operators must also be mindful of their vessel’s impact on other boats, wildlife, and shoreline erosion. Thus, the role of a powerboat in marine traffic extends beyond its capabilities—it includes the duty to navigate responsibly for the safety of all water users.

The Role of a Sailboat in Marine Traffic

Sailboats hold a unique and enduring presence in marine traffic. They are characterized by their dependence on the wind for propulsion, using sails to catch and harness its power. These vessels, varying from small dinghies to large sailing yachts, offer a sense of tradition, adventure, and connection with nature that is often unmatched. 

Sailboats can navigate in areas with depth restrictions where larger powerboats cannot go, and their silence and absence of emissions make them an eco-friendly choice for seafaring.

Despite their slower speeds and lesser maneuverability than powerboats, sailboats generally have the right of way under the COLREGs when they are under sail and in a crossing situation with power-driven vessels. This rule recognizes the limitations of a sailboat’s maneuverability due to its dependence on wind direction and strength. 

However, this privilege does not free them from the responsibility of maintaining a proper lookout and taking corrective action when it’s clear that the give-way vessel isn’t taking appropriate action or when both vessels are in such proximity that immediate action is necessary. Therefore, the role of a sailboat in marine traffic is not just about leveraging wind power but also about understanding and adhering to the navigation rules for everyone’s safety.

The Powerboat-Sailboat Encounter: Identifying the Give-Way Vessel

Navigating encounters between powerboats and sailboats is a fundamental aspect of marine safety. In general, according to the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), the powerboat is usually the give-way vessel when encountering a sailboat that is under sail. This is because a powerboat with an engine is typically more maneuverable than a sailboat that relies on the wind for propulsion.

The give-way vessel, in this case, the powerboat, has the responsibility to take early and substantial action to avoid colliding with the stand-on vessel, which in this case would be the sailboat. This may involve altering the course, reducing speed, or combining both. These rules aim to create a predictable path for both vessels to prevent a collision.

However, it’s essential to understand that these rules can have exceptions based on specific scenarios. For instance, when a sailboat overtakes a powerboat, it becomes the give-way vessel, regardless of its propulsion method. Furthermore, if the sailboat is operating its engine and not clearly showing sails, it is considered a powerboat under the COLREGs.

Both powerboat and sailboat operators must know these rules to ensure safe navigation. Importantly, the ultimate rule is to avoid collision – even if this means the stand-on vessel has to give way. Knowledge, caution, and mutual respect are key to maintaining safety on the water.

Factors Influencing the Give-Way Decision For Boats

Several factors influence the decision of which vessel is the give-way vessel. These include the type of vessels involved, their relative positions, and the specific scenario they are in. While the general rule is that powerboats give way to sailboats under sail, there are exceptions and other factors that can change this rule. Understanding these factors is critical for safe navigation and collision avoidance.

Key factors influencing the give-way decision include:

• Type of Vessels Involved: The type of vessels involved in an encounter greatly influences the give-way decision. For example, vessels not under command, vessels limited in their ability to maneuver, boats constrained by their draft, fishing vessels, and sailboats generally have right of way over power-driven vessels.
• Relative Positions: The relative positions of the vessels also influence the giveaway decision. For example, a vessel overtaking another is generally the give-way vessel, regardless of the type of vessel involved.
• Operating Conditions of Vessels: Whether a vessel is under power or sail can influence the give-way decision. A sailboat under power is considered a power-driven vessel subject to the same rules as other vessels.
• Navigational Hazards: Navigational hazards may also impact the giveaway decision. A vessel in a position where it can safely navigate may be required to give way to a vessel closer to navigational hazards.
• Traffic Density: In areas of high traffic density, vessels may be required to maintain a higher level of vigilance and may need to take action to avoid collisions earlier than in areas of low traffic density.

Remember, while the give-way rules provide a framework for determining who has the right of way in a given situation, the ultimate responsibility of all mariners is to take whatever action is necessary to avoid a collision.

Special Situations: Exceptions to the Rule

While the general rules of navigation provide a solid foundation for maritime safety, there are special situations where exceptions to the rule apply. These exceptions account for the complexity and unpredictability of marine conditions and ensure that the primary goal of collision avoidance is always met.

• Overtaking Situations: Regardless of the type of vessel, the overtaking vessel is usually the give-way vessel. The stand-on vessel should maintain its course and speed, while the overtaking vessel should keep out of the way until it is past and clear.
• Narrow Channels: In narrow channels, all vessels should keep as near the channel’s outer limit on their starboard side. A boat shorter than 20 meters in length or a sailing vessel can not hinder the passage of a vessel that can navigate only in a narrow channel or fairway.
• Traffic Separation Schemes: In traffic separation schemes, a vessel should join or leave a traffic lane at the smallest angle to the general direction of traffic flow. A vessel should try to avoid crossing traffic lanes and should cross on a heading as close as possible to right angles to the prevailing traffic flow direction if obliged.
• Vessels Not Under Command or Restricted in their Ability to Maneuver: These vessels, due to exceptional circumstances, cannot maneuver as required by the COLREGs and are, therefore, usually given the right of way.
• Vessels Engaged in Fishing: Vessels engaged in fishing, when underway, shall have the right of way over other vessels, except those not under command or restricted in their ability to maneuver.

Bryan is a Las Vegas resident who loves spending his free time out on the water. Boating on Lake Mohave or Lake Havasu is his favorite way to unwind and escape the hustle and bustle of the city. More about Bryan.

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Rules of the Road

Right of way rules.

Whenever you meet another boat, it’s like approaching an unmarked intersection in your car. Knowing a few, simple right of way rules will help you avoid a collision. Just as motorists must know what to do when approaching a four way stop, every crossing situation at sea is like approaching an unmarked intersection.

Because there are so many different types of boats and styles of boating, it is important to know what to expect when you come upon another vessel.

"Vessels" are anything that floats on the water that is used, or is capable of being used as a means of transportation on water. A log, a bathtub and many other things could be considered a vessel under the Navigation Rules. The Navigation Rules distinguish one vessel from another by both its design, and by its actions. This section covers maneuvering rules only.

There are other navigation rules that you are required to know. Sound Rules are covered under the Sound Signaling Equipment section. Light Rules are covered under the Navigation Light Equipment section.

The Rules of the Road are published by the U. S. Government Printing Office, and are available in any boating supply stores. Every boat owner should have a copy, but they are mandatory to be kept on vessels over 12 meters (39.4 feet) in length.

The Rules generally used in this course are Inland Rules, unless otherwise noted. There are small but important differences in the Rules depending on where you are operating your boat. It is your responsibility to know the Navigation Rules for your boating area.

• International Rules - Apply to all vessels upon the high seas and in all waters connected to them that are navigable by seagoing vessels.
• Inland Rules - Apply to all vessels upon the inland waters of the United States, and to vessels of the United States on the Canadian waters of the Great Lakes to the extent that there is no conflict with Canadian law. Certain inland waterways may have specific provisions that apply to certain vessels.
• Great Lakes - Includes the Great Lakes and their connecting and tributary waters including the Calumet River as far as the Thomas J. O'Brien Lock and Controlling Works (between mile 326 and 327), the Chicago River as far as the east side of the Ashland Avenue Bridge (between mile 321 and 322), and the Saint Lawrence River as far east as the lower exit of Saint Lambert Lock.
• Western Rivers - Includes the Mississippi River, its tributaries, South Pass, and Southwest Pass, to the navigational demarcation lines dividing the high seas from harbors, rivers, and other inland waters of the United States, and the Port Allen-Morgan City Alternate Route, and that part of the Atchafalaya River above its junction with the Port Allen-Morgan City Alternate Route including the Old River and the Red River.

Vessel Types

• Power Driven Vessel - Any vessel propelled by machinery. This includes any boat that has an engine. Sailboats are considered powerboats when they are being propelled by a motor - even if the sails are up.
• Sailing Vessel - Any vessel under sail alone. Remember, if being propelled by a motor, a sailboat is considered to be a powerboat.
• Vessels Engaged in Fishing - Means any vessel fishing with nets, lines, trawls or other fishing apparatus which restrict maneuverability, but does not include a vessel fishing with trolling lines or other fishing gear which doesn't restrict maneuverability. This means a shrimper out of Galveston is "engaged in fishing" Someone out trolling for stripers in their Grady-White is NOT considered to be engaged in fishing under the Rules.
• Seaplanes - Are any aircraft designed to operate on the water.
• Vessels Constrained by Draft - Means that a vessel can't deviate from a course/channel because they might run aground. A freighter in a narrow channel is an example of this. Note: This is for International waters only, not Inland.
• Vessels Restricted in Their Ability to Maneuver - Means a vessel that can't maneuver as required by the rules because of the size or operation of the vessel. A fishing vessel pulling in nets and a buoy tender placing a buoy are both examples of a vessel restricted in their ability to maneuver.
• Vessels not under Command - Any vessel that for some exceptional circumstance is unable to maneuver as required by the Rules, and is therefore unable to keep out of the way of another vessel. If Joe boater slips and knocks himself out, and can no longer steer--that's a vessel not under command. If the steering cable goes out, and you can't turn the boat, that's a vessel not under command. If the captain is not paying attention and hits another boat, that's negligence.
• Underway - Means that you are not anchored, moored, at the dock, or aground. If you are even drifting along, you are underway.
• Restricted Visibility - Means any condition such as fog, mist, falling snow, rain, or other similar causes that make it difficult to see other vessels. Losing your glasses is NOT restricted visibility.

Rule, Rule, Rule your Boat

It may seem as if you can do anything you want while you are on the water (You might also think that it looks as if everyone else is going crazy on the water). Boating on a crowded waterway can be scary! The good news is that there are rules to govern the action of each vessel. The bad news is that many vessel operators do not know the rules!

Not complying with the Rules - even if you don't know them, can get you in trouble on the water. Even if you think you are following the Rules, if there is something that you can do to avoid a collision - you must do it, even if you deviate from a different Navigation Rule.

It is your responsibility as the ship's captain to be aware of your surroundings at all times, and to operate your vessel in a safe manner. Caution may not be fun, but having an accident sure stinks.

The Rules state that every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the prevailing conditions to determine if a risk of collision exists. If there is any doubt, such risk shall be deemed to exist.

Rules Explained

The Rules are designed to tell you what to do when you operate your vessel near other vessels. The purpose of the Rules of the Road is to help you avoid an accident--not to establish responsibility or liability if you get into an accident. - Remember, if you get into an accident, you can be held liable, even if you followed the Rules to the letter!

Your primary obligation is to operate in a safe manner. Under the Rules, there is no "right-of-way" like there is on a street. For most situations, Boats are called one of the following.

• Give-Way Vessel - If you are the Give-Way vessel, you must act as if the "stand-on" vessel has the right to keep going the way it is going. It is your responsibility to signal your intentions to the stand-on vessel, and it is your responsibility to maneuver your boat around the other in a safe manner. Also known as a "Burdened" vessel, as it has the burden of.
• Stand-On Vessel - If you are the Stand-On vessel, it is your responsibility to acknowledge the intended actions of the give-way vessel. You must also maintain your current course and speed until the give-way vessel passes, or you enter a dangerous situation.

Operator Responsibilities

In addition to the Rules, you have other responsibilities as the captain as well. You are responsible for the safety of everyone aboard your vessel at all times--and you have a responsibility to those with whom you are sharing the water.

• You must always operate at a safe controlled speed for the situation in which you are boating, and any legally mandated speed requirements that there may be, such as a slow/no wake zone.
• Take care to avoid careless, reckless or negligent boat operations--such as operating too closely to other vessels, boating under the influence, or operating at an unsafe speed for the given conditions.
• Steer clear of naval vessels, and other restricted facilities such as bridges, power plants and dams. New Homeland security measures require it, as does your safety! For more information, see the Homeland Security pages.

Finally, as a boater, you have a responsibility to all other boaters--and all others who enjoy the water--to be courteous and respectful of others. This means that you should always watch your boat noise (a legal requirement) avoid congested waters as much as possible, avoid disturbing wildlife and sea grasses, and look out for the safety and well being of other boaters by giving a hand to those in need.

The Pecking Order

There is a "pecking order" that can be used as a simplified memory aid to determine right of way for vessels of different types. Get very familiar with this list, as it is important to understand it thoroughly. The lower most vessel on the list is the give way vessel, and must stay out of the way of vessels that are higher on the list.

• Overtaken vessel (top priority)
• Vessels not under command
• Vessels restricted in their ability to maneuver
• Vessels constrained by draft
• Fishing vessels engaged in fishing, with gear deployed
• Sailing vessels
• Power driven vessels

Collision Avoidance

• Rules apply to vessels in all conditions of visibility. Rules are the same at night or in fog, for instance, as they are during a bright sunny day.
• Every vessel must maintain a proper look-out by sight and hearing at all times. Operator inattention and not having an adequate look out are a leading cause of accidents each year.
• Every vessel must proceed at a safe speed at all times. Several factors should be considered when determining safe speed, including but not limited to the state of visibility, traffic density, your vessel's maneuverability, with special reference to stopping distance and turning ability. At night, consider the presence of background lights such as those from shore, or from the back-scatter of your vessel's own lights. Consider also the state of wind, sea, and current, and the proximity of navigational hazards.
• The Rules specifically require that any action taken to avoid collision, if the circumstances allow, will be positive, made in ample time, and in keeping with good seamanship. Any changes in course or speed should be large enough to be readily apparent to the other vessel. This means that you should avoid last second changes in course, and you should avoid a small series of changes. Change direction early, and make a large turn.

Maneuvering

The main situations of collision risk are overtaking, meeting head-on, and crossing. When one of two vessels is to keep out of the way (give-way vessel), the other, the stand-on vessel, must maintain course and speed. The stand-on vessel must take avoiding action when it becomes apparent that the vessel required to give way is not taking appropriate action.

The Crossing Rule

Both International and Inland Rules state that when two power-driven vessels are crossing so as to involve risk of collision, the vessel which has the other on her starboard side (the give-way vessel) must keep out of the way.

As the give-way vessel it is your duty to avoid a collision. Typically, this means you must alter speed or direction to cross behind the other vessel (the stand-on vessel).

At night, if you see a red light crossing right-to-left in front of you, you need to change your course. If you see a green light crossing from left-to-right, you are the stand-on vessel, and should maintain course and speed.

The Meeting Situation

At times there may be some doubt whether the situation is a crossing or a head-on meeting. In case of doubt, you should assume that it is a meeting situation, in which neither vessel has a clear-cut "right-of-way," and each must act to avoid the other. Each vessel in a meeting situation must alter course to starboard so that each will pass on the port side of the other. At night, you will recognize a head-on meeting situation if you see both red and green side lights at the same time.

The Overtaking Situation

Any vessel overtaking any other vessel must keep out the way of the vessel being overtaken. The former is the give-way vessel and the latter is the stand-on vessel.

This rule applies even if the overtaking vessel is propelled by wind, oars, or rubber band paddlewheel.

A vessel is deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from a direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft (behind) her beam. This is the angle prescribed by the stern light.

At night, the overtaking vessel will see only the white stern light of the vessel being overtaken. If you see either side light, it is a crossing situation.

Operating in a Narrow Channel

First and foremost, you have to avoid larger vessels that can only travel in a channel. Even if your vessel is operating under the rules otherwise, you must give way to a boat that could potentially run aground or get into a collision if they left the channel.

Try and operate on the edge of the channel. Be extra cautious if you come to a bend in the waterway, and can't see traffic coming towards you.

You may sound a prolonged blast as a warning to traffic headed your way.

On the Great Lakes and Western River system, vessels going downstream are stand-on, vessels going up stream must give-way.

Potential Collision Situation

When the distance between two vessels decreases and the relative angle of the other vessel off the bow remains the same, then you will soon be trying to occupy the same spot in the water - a collision situation. Change course or reduce speed, even if you are the stand-on vessel.

Conduct of Vessels During Periods of Restricted Visibilty

Operating a boat in areas or at times of restricted visibility requires extra concentration by the skipper and the lookout. You must operate your vessel at a speed at which you can identify and react to a situation and still have enough time to avoid a collision. This is especially important when vessels are no in sight of one another.

• Operate at a safe speed for the prevailing circumstances
• Have engines ready for immediate maneuvering - including reverse
• Don't rely on radar or other electronic imaging alone - use your buiilt in senses at all times
• Take avoiding actions early and provide ample time for the other vessels to maneuver
• Avoid sharp turns if being overtaken
• Always - you are in doubt, reduce your speed
• Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed

Other Rules

Whether under inland or international rules, power vessels must keep clear of sailing vessels in open waters. A sailboat with motor running is defined as a motor boat. The "pecking order" between sailing vessels is more complex. When two sailing are approaching one another so as to involve risk of collision, one of then shall keep out of the way of each other as follows.

• When each has the wind on a different side, the vessel which has the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the other.
• When both have the wind on the same side, the vessel which is to windward shall keep out of the way of the vessel which is to leeward.
• If a vessel with the wind on the port side sees a vessel to windward and cannot determine with certainty whether the other vessel has the wind on the port or the starboard side, she shall keep out of the way of the other.
• For the purposes of these rules the windward side shall be deemed to be the side opposite to that on which the mainsail is carried. On square-rigged vessels, it shall be deemed to be the side opposite to that on which the largest fore-and-aft sail is carried.

Now that you are familiar with "The Rules," go out and use them in passing, meeting, and crossing situations you find on the water. You will get many puzzled looks from inexperienced boaters with no training or testing.

Remember, if a collision does occur, your proper use of the correct signals and appropriate actions will win you points! But you know enough now to avoid a collision.

The navigation rules of the road contained in this course summarize basic navigation rules for which a boat operator is responsible. Additional and more in-depth rules apply regarding various types of waterways and operation in relation to commercial vessels and other watercraft. It is the responsibility of a boat operator to know and follow all the navigation rules.

For a complete listing of the navigation rules, refer to the document “Navigation Rules of the Road” published by the U.S. Coast Guard (COMDTINST 16672.2 Series) and available through the U.S. Government printing office or on the web here .

For state specific navigation requirements, refer to the state laws where you intend to boat.

When Crossing Paths: Give Way Vessel's Responsibility Explained

Navigating the waterways can be a complex task, especially when it comes to understanding the rules and responsibilities of different vessels. One crucial aspect to remember when crossing paths with other boats is the concept of the "give-way" vessel. This term refers to the boat that must yield to another vessel to avoid a collision. Understanding and abiding by this rule is of utmost importance to ensure safe and efficient navigation.

There are specific guidelines to determine which vessel should give way in various situations. The general rule states that the vessel approaching from the port (or left) side is the give-way vessel, and it carries the responsibility of avoiding a collision. This is supported by both international and inland navigation rules. As a give-way vessel, it is essential to take early and substantial action to keep well away from other boats. This can be done by stopping, slowing down, or changing course to pass behind the other vessel, ensuring that the course and speed changes are large enough to be evident to other boaters.

Key Takeaways

• The give-way vessel is responsible for avoiding collisions by taking early and substantial action.
• Both international and inland navigation rules indicate that the vessel approaching on the port (left) side must yield to the other.
• Actions such as stopping, slowing down, or changing course are essential for the give-way vessel to ensure the safety of all boats involved.

Basics of Maritime Navigation

Maritime navigation requires a clear understanding of the responsibilities of each vessel when crossing paths. One of the most important concepts involved is the give-way vessel's responsibility, which refers to the specific actions a vessel must take to avoid collisions on the water.

In order to ensure safety, boaters must be knowledgeable about the navigation rules, commonly known as the Rules of the Road . These rules apply to all vessels navigating on the water and are designed to help prevent collisions and other accidents. These rules cover the right of way, maintaining course and speed, and various other elements essential for safely navigating the waters.

When two vessels cross paths, one is designated as the give-way vessel, while the other is the stand-on vessel. The give-way vessel is responsible for taking early and substantial action to avoid a collision, including stopping, slowing down, or changing its course . Any change in course or speed should be easily noticeable by the stand-on vessel. On the other hand, the stand-on vessel must maintain its course and speed to assist the give-way vessel's maneuvering.

Certain situations may impact the navigation rules and the assignment of the right of way. For example, commercial vessels often have priority over smaller boats, especially in a narrow channel. Additionally, vessels not under command or restricted in their ability to maneuver are given priority, as they may be unable to follow the standard navigation rules effectively. Boaters must be mindful of these situations and adapt accordingly to ensure safe navigation.

In conclusion, understanding the give-way vessel's responsibility is essential for safe maritime navigation. By following the rules of the road, maintaining course and speed when required, and being aware of other vessels' rights of way, boaters can significantly reduce the risk of collisions and other accidents on the water.

Vessel Types and Roles

Power-driven vessels.

Power-driven vessels are boats or ships propelled primarily by engines, such as motorboats, yachts, and tugboats. In most cases, power-driven vessels are considered the give-way vessel when encountering other types of vessels, especially during overtaking situations. Vessel operators are responsible for taking early and substantial action to avoid a collision, whether by stopping, slowing down, or changing course 1 .

Sailing Vessels

Sailing vessels are those powered primarily by the wind, such as sailboats. Sailboats are typically considered the stand-on vessel when interacting with power-driven vessels 2 . However, if a sailing vessel approaches another from its starboard (right) side, it becomes the give-way vessel and is obligated to keep out of the other vessel's way 3 . When sailing upwind, a vessel with its mainsail on the port (left) side is considered the give-way vessel compared to a vessel with its mainsail on the starboard side 4 .

Commercial Vessels

Commercial vessels include large ships like cargo ships, tankers, and cruise liners. These vessels often have restricted maneuverability due to their size and are usually considered stand-on vessels. When two commercial vessels approach each other, vessel operators should follow standard navigation rules, with the vessel on the starboard side being the stand-on vessel and the one on the port side being the give-way vessel 5 .

Fishing Vessel Responsibilities

Fishing vessels engaged in fishing activities have unique responsibilities in navigation. If their fishing gear restricts maneuverability, they are considered the stand-on vessel 6 . However, if their fishing gear does not restrict maneuverability, such as with trolling lines, they assume the same responsibilities as other power-driven vessels 7 . Fishing vessel operators should always maintain a proper lookout and use sound signals to communicate with nearby vessels 8 .

Interpreting Sound Signals

Sound signals are essential in navigation to convey the intentions of vessel operators. A short blast typically indicates an intention to turn to starboard (right), while two short blasts indicate a turn to port (left). In overtaking situations, the overtaking vessel may use sound signals to alert the stand-on vessel of its intentions. The stand-on vessel may respond with the same sound signals to confirm understanding. Vessel operators should familiarize themselves with sound signals and use them appropriately in navigation 9 .

Understanding Right of Way

When navigating the waters, it is crucial to understand the responsibilities of the give-way vessel in order to maintain safety for all. The give-way vessel is responsible for yielding the right-of-way to the stand-on vessel, which has the privilege to maintain its course and speed. In essence, the job of the give-way vessel is to maneuver in a way that will avoid a collision.

During crossing situations, boats must follow certain rules to determine which vessel should be designated as the give-way vessel. A common rule, often referred to as the port-to-port rule, is applicable when two power-driven vessels are approaching each other at right angles or close to right angles. In this scenario, the vessel on the right, known as the stand-on vessel, has the right of way, while the other vessel, the give-way vessel, must take necessary actions to change its course and avoid a collision.

The give-way vessel should perform clear and prompt maneuvers to indicate their intention to yield. This might involve slowing down, stopping, or even reversing to allow the stand-on vessel to pass safely. It is essential to make these actions noticeable to the stand-on vessel so that both parties are aware of each other's intentions.

In addition to altering speed and course, the give-way vessel may use sound signals to communicate its intentions. For instance, if the give-way vessel intends to pass port-to-port with the stand-on vessel, it can signal with one short blast, notifying the stand-on vessel of its plan to turn starboard and avoid crossing paths.

By adhering to these right-of-way rules and responsibilities, give-way vessels play a vital role in fostering safety and preventing collisions on the water. As a boater, it is essential to maintain a clear understanding of these regulations and always be prepared to act accordingly.

Essential Seamanship

In the realm of boating, it is crucial for all mariners to be well-versed in the responsibilities and rules that govern encounters with other vessels. One of the key aspects of seamanship is understanding the concept of give-way and stand-on vessels when crossing paths with other boats.

A give-way vessel, as the name suggests, has the responsibility to take early and substantial action to avoid a collision with the stand-on vessel. This includes altering its course or speed to maintain a safe distance from the other vessel. It is essential for the give-way vessel to avoid crossing in front of the stand-on vessel, as this can lead to dangerous encounters.

Moreover, the give-way vessel must be vigilant and maintain a proper lookout to assess the situation around it. This involves watching for approaching vessels on both the port and starboard sides, as well as monitoring the current and other factors that may influence its maneuverability.

When approaching a crossing scenario, it is important to identify whether the encountered vessel is on the port or starboard side. If the other vessel is on the starboard side, the give-way boat should take action to avoid crossing the path of the stand-on vessel. Signal with one short blast to indicate the intention to cross port-to-port and then turn starboard to avoid a collision. In a head-on situation, both vessels should alter their course to starboard to pass each other port-to-port.

On the other hand, if the other vessel is on the port side, the boat should maintain its current course and speed, ensuring to keep clear of the stand-on vessel. In case the give-way vessel needs to pass behind the stand-on boat, it should maneuver appropriately to maintain a safe distance, taking into account factors such as the current and available maneuverability.

By adhering to these rules and demonstrating proper seamanship, mariners can ensure the safety of their vessels and those around them. Navigating the waters with confidence, knowledge, and a clear understanding of one's responsibilities as a give-way or stand-on vessel will greatly reduce the risk of collisions and maintain a harmonious environment at sea.

Collision Avoidance Tactics

When two vessels are crossing paths, it is crucial for both parties to understand and adhere to the collision avoidance rules to minimize the risk of collision. The give-way vessel has specific responsibilities that play a significant role in ensuring safe navigation.

The primary responsibility of the give-way vessel is to take early and substantial action to keep clear of the stand-on vessel. This requires the give-way vessel to alter its course and/or speed in such a manner that it is evident to the stand-on vessel that there will be no collision. Depending on the situation, the give-way vessel may need to slow down, stop or change its course significantly to ensure a safe pass.

Another critical aspect of collision prevention is to avoid crossing in front of other vessels. The give-way vessel must ensure that it takes necessary actions to avoid creating a crossover situation which could escalate the risk of collision. Timely communication of intentions is essential for the smooth coordination between vessels in close proximity.

Moreover, adhering to collision regulations plays a vital role in preventing accidents at sea. These regulations, also known as navigation rules or "rules of the road," provide a framework for how different types of vessels must interact in various situations, including crossing the paths. Familiarity with these regulations can help give-way vessels promptly identify the correct course of action when required.

In summary, the give-way vessel's responsibility when crossing paths involves taking early and substantial action, avoiding crossing in front of other vessels, and adhering to collision regulations. By diligently following these rules, mariners can significantly reduce the risk of collision and ensure the safety of their vessels and crew.

Specific Scenarios and Handling

Crossing situation.

In a crossing situation, the give-way vessel must take early and substantial action to keep safe distance and avoid crossing paths with the stand-on vessel. The give-way vessel may need to slow down, change course, or even stop to prevent a collision. The stand-on vessel, on the other hand, should maintain its course and speed unless it becomes apparent that the give-way vessel is not taking appropriate action.

Meeting Head-On

When meeting head-on, both vessels share the responsibility of taking action to avoid a collision. They should alter their course to starboard (right) and pass port-to-port (left) of each other, ensuring a safe distance between the two vessels. If the situation remains unclear, both vessels should signal their intentions and communicate with each other to determine the correct action.

Overtaking another Vessel

In an overtaking situation, the vessel trying to overtake another is considered the give-way vessel. It must take substantial action to ensure it passes at a safe distance and does not create a dangerous situation for the vessel being overtaken. Usually, this involves passing the other vessel on its port side (left) and maintaining a sufficient speed to clear its stern (back) quickly.

Restricted Visibility Conditions

During restricted visibility conditions , both vessels should proceed with extra caution and at a safe speed. They must continually sound signals to alert nearby vessels of their presence. If radar is available, they should take advantage of it to detect any approaching vessels and take appropriate measures to avoid a collision.

Safe Speed and Traffic Density

In situations with high traffic density , it is crucial that the give-way vessel maintains a safe speed to allow enough time and space for maneuvering. The give-way vessel should carefully assess the overall traffic situation and alter its course and speed according to its observations. When necessary, the vessel should reduce its speed to allow for a safer and more controlled maneuver around other vessels.

Legal and Regulatory Considerations

The responsibility of a give-way vessel when crossing paths with another vessel is an essential aspect of maintaining safety on the water. Several regulations and rules govern these responsibilities for different types of waterways, including inland rules, international rules, Great Lakes, and western rivers.

Under both International and Inland Rules , if two power-driven vessels are crossing each other, the vessel that has the other on its starboard side must take early and substantial action as the give-way vessel to keep out of the way. The primary purpose of the give-way vessel is to avoid a collision, which involves slowing down, stopping, or changing course.

On the Great Lakes and western rivers, the same general principles found in the international and inland rules apply to give-way vessel responsibilities. The give-way vessel is required to take substantial action to prevent any crossing or collision. As part of these actions, the give-way vessel must signal its intentions to the other vessel, typically using one short blast to indicate that it will cross port-to-port.

Adherence to these rules and regulations is crucial for ensuring safe navigation and reducing the risk of accidents on the water. Failure to follow them can result in legal liabilities and substantial fines for give-way vessels that do not act to prevent collisions. Therefore, it is in the best interest of all boaters to be familiar with and comply with these regulations when on the water.

By following the established inland, international, and regional rules for give-way vessel responsibilities, boaters can help maintain a safe environment for all watercraft and ensure enjoyable experiences on the water for everyone.

Safety Precautions and Neglect

When crossing paths with another vessel, understanding the responsibilities of the give-way vessel is crucial for maintaining safety on the water. According to the U.S. Coast Guard , the give-way vessel is responsible for taking early and substantial action to keep well away from other vessels by stopping, slowing down, or changing course. This helps avoid collisions and ensures a smooth sailing experience for everyone involved.

It is essential for boaters to take proper precautions, which include maintaining a proper lookout. A proper lookout allows boat operators to make informed decisions based on the movements of other vessels and weather conditions. Not paying attention to the surroundings or failing to maintain a proper lookout is considered negligence, which can result in accidents and severe consequences.

Some precautions that can be taken to ensure safety and avoid neglect include:

• Monitoring the surroundings : Keep an eye on navigational aids such as buoys, lights, and channel markers. Pay attention to the positioning of the sun and other environmental factors that may affect visibility.
• Using navigation equipment : Make use of radar, GPS, compass, and other navigation tools to ensure the accurate position and course of both the vessel and nearby boats.
• Maintaining communication : Use proper communication channels such as VHF radio, whistle signals, or even visual signals to communicate intentions and actions with other vessels to prevent misunderstandings or miscalculations.
• Adhering to navigation rules : Familiarize oneself with established navigation rules, like the Rules of the Road , which dictate the responsibilities of both give-way and stand-on vessels in various situations.

Neglecting these precautions can lead to dangerous situations and even legal ramifications. The consequences of neglect can range from damage to property and personal injuries to penalties imposed by the U.S. Coast Guard or other maritime authorities.

In conclusion, by taking proper precautions and adhering to established navigation rules, boaters can ensure the safety of themselves and other vessels on the water. It is a shared responsibility to avoid negligence and promote a secure marine environment for everyone to enjoy.

Learning and Testing

Boating safety is paramount to ensuring enjoyable and secure experiences on the water. To become knowledgeable and confident in the rules of the nautical road, it is essential to learn and test those rules. One crucial aspect of these rules involves understanding the responsibilities of the give-way vessel when crossing paths with other boats.

Learning about the give-way vessel's responsibilities can be achieved through various educational resources, such as online courses, books, and practical training. Boater's Academy, for instance, offers a Navigation Rules course that covers the basics of boat navigation, including the give-way vessel's role. Becoming familiar with these concepts will help aspiring boaters build a strong foundation for navigation and enhance their overall understanding of maritime rules.

Testing is a critical component of the learning process. By assessing one's knowledge through quizzes and exams, individuals can ensure they retain the essential information needed for safe boating. An example of such an assessment is the boaters quiz , which includes multiple-choice questions on topics like the give-way vessel's responsibilities. Regularly taking these quizzes helps solidify the understanding of navigation rules while highlighting any weaknesses or gaps in knowledge.

Moreover, an essential component of boating exams is the Navigation Rules section. Prospective boating license holders must demonstrate their understanding of the give-way vessel's responsibility when crossing paths with other boats. This crucial aspect of the boating exam ensures that everyone on the water has a firm grasp of the rules and knows how to respond in various maritime situations.

In conclusion, embracing the learning and testing process is vital for mastering the give-way vessel's responsibility while crossing paths with other boats. By taking advantage of various educational resources, quizzes, and boating exams, individuals can develop the necessary knowledge and confidence to navigate the waters safely.

Frequently Asked Questions

What actions must a give way vessel take to avoid collisions.

A give-way vessel must take early and substantial action to keep well away from other vessels by stopping, slowing down, or changing course. The vessel should avoid crossing in front of other vessels, and any change of course and/or speed should be large enough to be readily apparent to another vessel .

How should two power-driven vessels respond in a head-on situation?

When two power-driven vessels are approaching each other head-on, both vessels should alter their course to starboard (right) so that they pass on the port (left) side of the other vessel. This maneuver helps avoid collision and ensures a safe passage for both vessels.

Which vessel has the right of way between a sailboat and a power-driven vessel?

In general, a power-driven vessel should give way to a sailboat under sail, as the sailboat may have limited maneuverability. However, there are some exceptions when a sailing vessel must give way to a power-driven vessel, such as when the power-driven vessel is fishing or restricted in its ability to maneuver.

How should a vessel operator behave when entering a 'No Wake' zone?

When entering a 'No Wake' zone, a vessel operator should reduce their speed to a slow, idle pace and ensure that their vessel does not produce a wake that could damage the shoreline or other nearby vessels. The operator must remain vigilant and follow any posted speed limits and regulations.

What precautions must be taken when near a divers-down flag?

When near a divers-down flag, vessel operators must maintain a safe distance of at least 100 feet in rivers, inlets, and channels, and at least 300 feet in open water. Operators should also reduce their speed and be on the lookout for divers, as they could be near or under the water's surface.

When another vessel approaches from starboard, what action should be taken?

When another vessel approaches from starboard (right), you are considered the give-way vessel and must take early and substantial action to keep well away from the approaching vessel. This may involve altering your course or speed to ensure a safe distance and avoid a potential collision .

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Home » News » What is the Give-Way Vessel’s Responsibility When Crossing Paths?

• What is the Give-Way Vessel’s Responsibility When Crossing Paths?

When navigating the waters of the Pacific Northwest and elsewhere, understanding the rules of right-of-way at sea is a key part of ensuring a safe and smooth sailing experience. One of the key components of this maritime protocol is the responsibility of the give-way vessel when crossing paths with another vessel. When an operator violates these rules, boat collisions and injuries are nearly inevitable. That’s where we step in to help. At BoatLaw, LLP our team of maritime boat collision lawyers understands how maritime injuries can change the course of your life and leave you financially struggling. Call us at 360-671-6711 to set up a time to meet with our team now.

The principles of right-of-way at sea are a cornerstone of maritime safety in the Pacific Northwest. These rules are meant to create a safe and smooth flow of vehicles, eliminating collisions and setting clear expectations for everyone navigating the waters. The right-of-way rules distinguish between the give-way vessel, which must yield, and the stand-on vessel, which should maintain its course and speed. Mariners, whether at the helm of a small sailboat or commanding a large commercial freighter, must be able to identify these roles quickly and accurately. These distinct roles are a crucial part of water safety, but on top of that, they are also a big part of liability when preventable collisions do occur.

The Give-Way Vessel’s Duties Explained

Navigating unpredictable waters requires an understanding of one’s duties, particularly for the give-way vessel. This role entails a proactive approach to avoid crossing paths with the stand-on vessel. It is the give-way vessel’s responsibility to promptly assess the situation and alter its course or speed—or both, in some situations—to ensure it passes safely behind the stand-on vessel. If a ship accident occurs despite these precautions, consulting a boat collision attorney can help you understand your legal options and responsibilities. These maneuvers must be executed with clear intent and well in advance to provide the stand-on vessel ample time to react, should the need arise. This precautionary principle is not just a guideline or suggestion; it is a mandatory aspect of waterway safety.

The Importance of Communication and Signals

Strong and clear communication is as vital as understanding the right-of-way rules themselves when it comes to passing other boats safely and swiftly. The use of standardized sound signals, radio transmissions, and consistent visual signals forms the foundation of effective maritime interaction. For the give-way vessel, signaling its intentions early and unmistakably is a cornerstone of preventing misunderstandings and potential conflicts. If a collision does happen, a boat collision attorney can provide crucial assistance in navigating the complexities of maritime law and ensuring proper representation. This communication is a fundamental safety protocol that alerts the stand-on vessel to upcoming maneuvers. The significance of these interactions cannot be overstated, as they play a critical role in ensuring the effective flow of maritime traffic. Early communication gives the stand-on vessel peace of mind, as they know the give-way vessel’s intentions and do not have to worry about making any last-minute evasive maneuvers.

Scenarios and Examples of Give-Way Situations

Understanding the dynamics of give-way situations is a key part of safe navigation. This example can show you how these rules play out in real life. Imagine two vessels approaching a narrow channel: one is a large container ship, and the other, a recreational sailboat. In this instance, the sailboat, being more maneuverable, is typically designated as the give-way vessel. It can stop more quickly and move to the side more easily than the container ship.

When a power-driven vessel encounters a sailing vessel with the wind on different sides, the give-way responsibilities can shift depending on the wind’s direction relative to each vessel. If the sailing vessel has the wind on the port side, it must yield to the vessel with the wind on the starboard side.

These examples underscore the necessity of a deep understanding and application of the right-of-way rules to prevent mishaps at sea. Each mariner’s ability to quickly assess and act in these situations is crucial for the safety and harmony of all vessels navigating these shared waters. The rules change rapidly based on each vessel’s location, the route they are trying to navigate, and the role of the weather. Operators must be careful assessing these situations quickly and taking swift action to avoid collisions.

Injured in a Boat Crash? Contact Our Boat Accident Law Firm

Working in the maritime industry can be dangerous, and if you’ve been injured, you are likely entitled to maintenance and cure claims—and potentially other forms of compensation. The team of maritime lawyers at BoatLaw, LLP can help. We are committed to helping maritime boat collision lawyers like you fight for full and fair compensation. Contact our firm online or call us at 360-671-6711 to get started.

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The give-way hierarchy – sail boats and power boats

by Simon Jollands | Boat Handling , Crewing skills , Navigation , Yacht ownership

Who gives way to who at sea?

Even seasoned sailors sometimes get this wrong and in a crowded harbour this can easily lead to a collision or at best considerable embarrassment for a boat that mistakenly thinks it has right of way over another.

I recently went sailing with friends over a busy weekend on the South Coast of England. The conditions were perfect for sailing, a Force 4 breeze, full sunshine and everyone was out to enjoy themselves. While the conditions were perfect, Chichester Harbour was crowded with dinghy sailing races, keelboats, yachts, kayakers, paddle boarders, fishing vessels and countless motor boats of all sizes.

As we sailed towards the harbour entrance the crowding intensified and we kept a constant lookout in all directions. With a full genoa set, it was easy enough to keep a lookout to windward, but to leeward there is a significant blind spot for the person on the helm, so we decided to have a crew member at the bow to keep an all round lookout.

There was quite a bit of discussion about which vessels had right of way over others, so this has prompted me to produce a basic reminder of the give way hierarchy between sailing boats and power boats, plus explanations of what is meant by the give-way vessel, stand-on vessel and the overtaking rule.

The give-way hierarchy

• Power boat gives way to sailing boat.
• Sailing boat gives way to boat engaged in fishing.
• Boat engaged in fishing gives way to vessel with restricted ability to manoeuvre.
• Vessel with restricted ability to manoeuvre gives way to vessel not under command.
• Note: A sailing boat which is motor sailing does not have priority over a power boat, even if it has sails hoisted.  

Sailing boat hierarchy

• Port tack gives way to starboard tack.
• If on the same tack, the windward boat gives way.
• If it is unclear to a sailing boat on port tack which tack another sailing boat to windward is on, then the boat on port tack must give way.

Power boat hierarchy

• If two power boats are heading towards each other, both boats should alter course to starboard, so their port sides will pass each other.
• If two power boats are crossing paths and there is a risk of collision, then the vessel which has the other on its starboard side must give way. It must also avoid crossing ahead of the stand-on boat.
• If a power boat meets another head on and is not quite sure if a collision is likely, then it should assume it does and alter course to starboard.

Give-way vessel

• When two similar vessels are crossing, the one that has the other to its starboard side is the give-way vessel.
• The ‘give-way’ boat is responsible for keeping clear and altering course where necessary to avoid a collision.
• The give-way boat should make an obvious course direction in plenty of time, so the stand-on vessel is in no doubt it has taken avoiding action.

Stand-on vessel

• If you are the stand-on boat, keep to your course and speed to make it easier for the give-way boat to manoeuvre out of your way.
• If the give-way vessel does not take avoiding action, the stand-on vessel must be ready to turn quickly out of the way or stop as a last resort.

• All vessels, whatever their size and type, must keep well clear of others when overtaking.
• It is courteous to overtake a sailing boat on their leeward side, so as not to take their wind.
• The vessel being overtaken must maintain its course and speed.
• The overtaking vessel must be well clear of the other before it can resume its original course, allowing the overtaken vessel to maintain its course throughout the manoeuvre.

A vessel is said to be overtaking another if it is approaching more than 22.5º behind the other vessel’s beam. This overtaking sector covers an arc of 135º, which is the same as the arc of a stern light. At night, it is easy to tell if you are overtaking a vessel because you can see its stern light as you approach it.

During the day, it is not always as easy to be sure you are in the overtaking sector. Are you overtaking or alternatively are you crossing the other vessel’s path, in which case you could have right of way? If in doubt, it is always best to proceed with caution and keep well clear of the other vessel.

• Keep a lookout at all times.
• Remember to follow the give-way hierarchy. Vessels with priority over you have the right of way.
• When altering course, make sure that the new course does not result in another close-quarters situation.
• Be prepared to reduce speed if you are the give-way boat.

Finally, in a very crowded harbour situation it is wise for sailing boats with engines to furl their sails and proceed under engine until they are clear of the harbour entrance. This is not a rule as such in most harbours but it makes sense and is what we decided to do until we had left the harbour.

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Chapter 12 - Obey the "Rules of the Road"

From: Transport Canada

Transport Publication TP 14070 E (2010)

• Table of Contents
• Document Information
• Who Should Read This Guide?
• Introduction

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The  Collision Regulations govern marine traffic behaviour and patterns to reduce the risk of collisions at sea. These regulations are the "rules of road." They set out the rules between vessels underway and for vessels meeting head-on, crossing and overtaking when in sight of one another and when visibility is restricted.

The Collision Regulations apply to all vessels, from small boats up to large freighters, on all navigable waters in Canada and, with some modifications, are the same as international requirements.

This guide covers general rules of navigation for common situations in good visibility that all small vessel operators must know and remember 22 . To learn what to do in other situations, such as when you cannot see other vessels because of rain or fog, refer directly to the Collision Regulations , Schedule 1, Part B.

Constant Lookout

Operators must maintain a constant all-around lookout by sight and hearing. You must use every available means, including radar and radio (if equipped), to determine whether there is any risk of collision with another vessel.

You must always operate your vessel at a safe speed so that you can take proper and effective action to avoid collision and stop within a proper distance for the circumstances and conditions.

In the Canadian waters of a roadstead (a partly sheltered anchorage), harbour, river, lake or inland waterway, every vessel passing another vessel or work that includes a dredge, tow, grounded vessel or wreck must proceed with caution at a speed that will not adversely affect the vessel or work being passed and comply with relevant content of any  Notice to Mariners or Notice to Shipping .

A general speed limit of 10 km/h within 30 metres of shore is in force 23 for all power-driven vessels on:

• the waters of Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta;
• the lakes and rivers of Nova Scotia and British Columbia;
• Bras d'Or Lake in Nova Scotia, inland of a line drawn from Coffin Head and Red Head in Great Bras d'Or Channel and the inland end of St. Peters Canal; and
• Nitinat Lake and Nitinat River, upstream of Nitinat Bar, in British Columbia

unless the river is less than 100 metres wide, or the vessel is travelling in canals or buoyed channels, or another speed limit is in effect.

Power-Driven Vessels

A power-driven vessel is any vessel propelled by machinery.

Crossing Situation in Sight of One Another

Figure 12-1 Crossing Situation

Figure 12-2 Head-on Approach

If a power-driven vessel approaches your power-driven vessel from your port side and poses a risk of collision, you are the "stand-on" vessel. Maintain your course and speed unless you see that the "give-way"vessel is not taking appropriate action. The other vessel is the "give-way" vessel and is required to keep out of your way (see Figure 12-1).

If a power-driven vessel approaches your power-driven vessel from your starboard side and poses a risk of collision, you are the “give-way” vessel. You must keep out of the way and avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel. The other vessel is the "stand-on" vessel and will maintain its course and speed.

Meeting or Head-On Situation in Sight of One Another

If a power-driven vessel approaches your power-driven vessel head-on or nearly head-on, where there is a possible risk of collision, you should alter your course to starboard so that the other vessel will pass on your port side. The other vessel must take the same action, so that you will pass on its port side (see Figure 12-2).

Figure 12-3 Sectors of a Vessel

Passing or Overtaking

If you are approaching another vessel to pass, you must keep out of its way. A vessel is considered to be overtaking another vessel if it approaches from a direction within the stern sector (see Figure 12-3).

Keeping out of the Way

Power-driven vessels must keep out of the way of sailing vessels, vessels engaged in fishing, vessels that are not able to manoeuvre, as well as rowing boats and other craft with restricted handling.You must take early action to keep clear of these vessels unless being overtaken by one of them.

Vessels less than 20 metres long and fishing vessels must not get in the way of larger vessels within a narrow channel.

When changing course or speed to keep out of the way of another vessel, make it clearly visible to the stand-on vessel that you have taken appropriate action.

If you are not sure what another vessel is going to do, give 5 short blasts on your whistle. If the vessel doesn't make a clear change in course, change your course to get out of its way.

Take it with you: You can order a free, waterproof quick reference card that explains the basic rules of the road from the Transport Canada website. Search shop.tc.gc.ca for Rules of the Road ( TP 14352).

More Information

To consult your local Transport Canada Centre, see Appendix 2 .

Collision Regulations http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/C.R.C.,_c._1416/

Vessel Operation Restriction Regulations http://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2008-120/

Rules of the Road ( TP 14352) www.tc.gc.ca/eng/marinesafety/tp-tp14352-menu-614.htm

22. IMPORTANT: The information provided here highlights only some of the rules of the road. It is the duty of the vessel owner and operator to be aware of the complete Collision Regulations requirements relating to their vessel. ^ 23. Vessel Operation Restriction Regulations . ^

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Right of Way Rules

Whenever two boats try to occupy the same water at the same time, a right of way situation exists. When this happens, one boat is obligated to give way to the other. The boat that is supposed to give way is Called the give way vessel and the other one is called the stand on vessel The stand on vessel should keep to its course so the skipper of the give way vessel can get out of the way without collision. There are specific rules to use in determining which vessel is which.

Motor vs. Sail : A motor boat is any vessel using an engine regardless of whether it is a sailboat or a motorboat. A sailboat is considered to be a motorboat even if the SailS are up as long as the engine is running. A sailboat that is sailing generally has the right of way over motorboats. But there are some exceptions.

• Large motor vessels are given the right of way in channels where it is difficult for them to maneuver. In the case of ships, the whole San Francisco Bay is considered to be channeled so that ships always have right of way in the Bay.
• In narrow channels such as Redwood Creek, motor vessels as small as 65 feet may be limited in maneuverability enough to make them the "stand on" vessel.
• Motor vessels that are restricted in maneuverability due to the special job they are doing are "stand on" This could be anything from towing nets to dredging, pile driving, or tending buoys.
• Motor vessels don't have to give way to sail boats that are motoring when the rules for motorboats give the motor vessel right of way. (When motoring, a sailboat is treated like any other motorboat.
• If a motor vessel is experiencing some kind of difficulty restricting its maneuverability, it is given right of way.
• If a sailboat is overtaking a power boat, the power boat has the right of way.

Passing - When any boat is passing another boat, the passing boat is tile give way boat and tile boat being passed is the stand on boat. Head On - When two motor boats approach each other head on, both boats turn to the right and pass each other port to port. Crossing - When motor boats paths cross, the boat on the other's right is stand on and the one on the other's left is the give way boat This is like two cars coming to a 4-way stop except that a give way boat would alter course to go behind the other boat Sailboats When encountering sailboats that are sailing, motorboats generally should give way. If you are motoring in a sailboat, you should give way to sailboats that are sailing.

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Marine Navigation Rules

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By following three simple rules, and one wise principle, you can spend a lifetime avoiding collisions on the water.

Illustration: ©2015 Mirto Art Studios

On the water, with no lane markers, stop signs, traffic lights, or crosswalks, you'd think every busy weekend would bring pileups of boating accidents. Why don't they? The answer lies in the Navigation Rules, more properly called the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea.

At their core, the Rules are surprisingly simple. Still more surprising is how well they work. We'll focus here on recreational powerboats in clear daylight. Later, we'll look briefly at other kinds of boats and other situations.

The key to the simplicity behind the Rules starts here: There are only three ways boats can collide — overtaking, meeting head-on, and crossing. As long as you know what to do in each scenario — as well as what to do when the other boater doesn't follow the Rules — you can be reasonably assured of avoiding collisions throughout all your time on the water. There's a beautiful quirk in the International Navigation Rules: They avoid the phrase "right of way." Instead, they refer to a "give-way" vessel and to a "stand-on" vessel.

Give-Way Vessel

"Every vessel which is directed to keep out of the way of another vessel shall, so far as possible, take early and substantial action to keep well clear." (Rule 16 — Action by Give-Way Vessel.)

Stand-On Vessel

"Where one of two vessels is to keep out of the way, the other shall keep her course and speed." (Rule 17 — Action by Stand-On Vessel.) This brings up one of the most important principles underpinning the Rules: that it's more important to avoid an accident than it is to follow the Rules. The implication is that no one has the "right" to keep course and speed if doing so will lead to a collision. Rule 17 allows the stand-on vessel to "take action to avoid collision by her maneuver alone" as soon as she recognizes that the other boat isn't following the Rules, and Rule 2 makes every boater responsible for taking any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen or by the special circumstances of the case. (Rule 2 — Responsibility and Rule 17 — Action by Stand-On Vessel.) Let's look at those three scenarios and see what the Rules say about how to avoid collisions.

This one's simple: "Any vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of way of the vessel being overtaken." See Figure 1. So far, so good. But when, exactly, is a vessel overtaking? The Rules are explicit: when she's coming up on another from a direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam. OK, but what if you're not sure about the angle? Again, the Rules answer that one: Assume that you are overtaking. (Rule 13 — Overtaking.)

Head-On Situation

"When two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or nearly reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of collision, each shall alter course to starboard so that each shall pass on the port side of the other." See Figure 2 . But what if you're not sure whether your courses are reciprocal? Again, the Rules are ready for that one: Assume that they are, and act accordingly (Rule 14 — Head-On Situation).

These three situations are by and large handled identically whether under Inland or International Rules. See Tip to learn which rules apply to you. But Inland Rule 14 adds a wrinkle for the Great Lakes and certain other inland waters: "A power-driven vessel ... proceeding downbound with a following current shall have the right-of-way over an upbound vessel." Notice that phrase "right-of-way"? This is one of its rare appearances — and it's in the Inland version only, not the International.

Crossing Situation

"When two power-driven vessels are crossing, so as to involve risk of collision, the vessel which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way and shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel." See Figure 3.

And that's it. The idea is that if a boat poses a collision risk, it can only be coming from one of three directions: ahead of you, from the side, or from behind. Of course, we've only spoken here about powerboats that can see each other in daylight. Sailboats under power, even if they have sails raised, and personal watercraft follow the same rules as power-driven vessels. Other Rules describe the different responsibilities of sailboats, fishing boats, tugboats, and others, as well as boats operating at nighttime or in fog. (See sidebar below.)

Responsibility Between Vessels

On the water, you'll encounter many different types of boats and ships.

When different types of vessels pose a risk of collision, the Rules establish a hierarchy of privilege, laid down in Rule 18. These are shown below in order of priority, based on ability to maneuver.

Except where Rules 9, 10, and 13 otherwise require, a power-driven vessel underway shall keep out of the way of another vessel, in the following order:

• Vessel Not Under Command: The emphasis here is on unusual circumstances: mechanical failure, or injury to the operator.
• Vessel Restricted In Its Ability To Maneuver: The emphasis here is on vessels that are hard to maneuver either by design or by the nature of their work. Buoy tenders and dredgers are good examples.
• Vessels Constrained By Draft: In the International Rules (not Inland), this applies to boats that can't leave a channel or course because they would run aground if they did.
• Vessels Engaged In Fishing: This applies to commercial boats with trawls, nets, or lines that restrict maneuverability. It does not apply to someone trolling.
• Sailing Vessel: This applies to sailboats under sail, with the engine off. When the engine is on, even if the sails are up, the boat is considered a power-driven vessel.
• Power-Driven Vessel: Any boat propelled by machinery.
• There's one exception to this hierarchy: overtaking. The overtaking vessel is the give-way vessel no matter what; the hierarchy of privilege doesn't apply.
• Finally, we'll leave you with one more thought. When is a vessel underway? It's underway when it isn't moored, anchored, made fast to the shore, or aground.

What about canoes and kayaks? The Navigation Rules treat them as vessels, but they aren't explicitly included in the hierarchy of stand-on and give-way vessels, nor are they named in the Rules that recommend actions to avoid collision. The U.S. Coast Guard website replies to the question this way: "Ultimately, the issue of who gives way would fall to what would be ‘required by the ordinary practice of seamen or by the special circumstances of the case' (Rule 2 — Responsibility)." Common sense says that canoes and kayaks should paddle outside marked navigation channels, cross any channels quickly and at right angles, and keep to the sides of navigable creeks or rivers when other boats are using the deeper channel.

Reading and understanding all 38 of the Navigation Rules should help you avoid any waterborne pileups and other problems. But on a recreational powerboat, with these three simple Rules firmly planted in your mind, you can focus better on what's really important: the indelible fun of being out on the water.

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Contributing Editor, BoatUS Magazine

BoatUS Contributing Editor Tim Murphy is the author of "Adventurous Use of the Sea" (Seapoint Books, Nov 2022). He sails Billy Pilgrim, a 1988 Passport 40, on the U.S. East Coast. He develops marine trades curriculum for the American Boat & Yacht Council.

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Right-of-Way Rules for Boaters

• By Jeff Hemmel
• April 20, 2022

There is no right of way on the water. Every boater is obligated to do what is required to avoid collision. In any meeting of boats, one is deemed the stand-on vessel and the other the give-way vessel. The rules of the road explain the situation more completely and can be learned in a boating safety course. This article serves as a refresher and a reminder on how to handle some common meeting scenarios.

While more common in a channel or narrow pass, head-to-head meetings can happen anywhere on the water. When encountering an oncoming boat head-on, the rule is simple: Each boat is a give-way or burdened vessel and should stay to its right, altering course to starboard and allowing each craft to pass to the port (left) side of the other boat.

If the other boat is to your starboard (right), it’s considered the stand-on or privileged vessel and is obligated to maintain course and speed. Your boat is the give-way vessel and is obligated to slow or alter course to pass behind it, ideally. If the boat intersecting your path is to port (left), it’s the give-way vessel. It’s obligated to yield while you’re obligated to maintain course and speed.

When overtaking another boat, keep in mind that the other boat is the stand-on vessel and yours is the give-way vessel. Your first move? Determine to which side of that craft is the safest to pass. Consider oncoming traffic, waterway markers, obstacles, or even bends in the channel. Once you have a clear path with good forward visibility, increase your speed enough so that you can safely overtake the other vessel, giving the craft a wide berth.

Encountering Kayaks, Sailboats, Etc.

Some vessels will almost always be the stand-on boat, and you must yield no matter the scenario, unless doing so will create an unsafe situation. Typically, this list includes paddlecraft and sailboats not under power, but it also includes larger craft, like ships or freighters. Realize these craft are not as maneuverable as most powerboats and, as such, the powerboat is deemed the give-way vessel.

Read Next: Boating Navigation Basics

When the Other Guy Doesn’t Know the Rules

No matter if you are the stand-on or give-way vessel, always be prepared in case the other boater doesn’t respond as you expect. Operate defensively, and be ready to yield, slow speed or change course to avoid any potentially dangerous situation. A good tip? Give other boaters plenty of space—100 feet or more—to allow enough time and distance to properly react and avoid an accident.

Know Your Colors

Do you know how to handle these scenarios at night, when you can’t see another boat, let alone determine its direction? Know your colors. Boats are required to display a green light to starboard (right) and a red light to port (left) at their bow, and most boats must display a single all-around white light at the stern. This combination of lights will help you determine which direction a boat is moving and if it’s likely to cross your path.

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When Is a Sailboat the Stand-on Vessel in Relations to a Recreational Power Boat

Written by J. Harvey / Fact checked by S. Numbers

Traffic rules and regulations are important for keeping vehicles orderly while on the road. The same applies to boats on the water, and Right of Way rules help keep waterways and boating channels safe. That’s why it’s essential to familiarize ourselves with key points that involve stand-on vessels and give-way vessels.

In this article, we’ll close in on a specific topic related to boating right of way, focusing on sailboats. So, when is a sailboat the stand-on vessel in relations to a recreational power boat?

A quick answer is, a sailboat is a stand-on vessel in most situations except for a few such as when the boat is overtaking or if the powerboat is restricted.

Keep reading to find the detailed answer.

Table of Contents

Boating Right of Way

Determining give-way and stand-on vessels, the sailing vessel as a stand-on vessel, the sailing vessel as a give-way vessel.

There are boating rules that govern boats’ actions while on the water, and these help keep waterways free from accidents. We need to be aware of these rules, especially if we are helming a boat ourselves. Regardless of type or size, watercraft are all subject to these rules for everyone’s safety.

While there is no officially recognized “right of way” for vessels on the water, the closest we have is the give-way and stand-on designation. They let us determine which party is given priority to stay their course. These terms serve to identify boats in different situations when meeting on the water. They allow us to take appropriate action to avoid any boating mishaps.

• Give-Way Vessel

The boat deemed responsible to give way to the other boat is called the give-way vessel. Being the give-way vessel means it is your responsibility to avoid the other boat to ensure no collision occurs and signal the other party of your intentions.

• Stand-on Vessel

While the give-way vessel is responsible for avoiding the other boat, this other boat’s responsibility is to maintain its course and speed; this is the stand-on vessel. It is also the stand-on vessel’s responsibility to look out for the give-way vessel’s actions and signals and respond to them as the situation dictates.

Determining between these two will allow us to act correctly in any situation. Therefore, it is important always to keep an eye and ear out for other vessels when we’re out on the water. Detecting other vessels early will allow us ample time to recognize each situation and react appropriately.

Looking at a boat’s propulsion makes it easier for us to determine which boat is which.

There are two common types of boats based on their propulsion; sailing vessels and power-driven vessels. Boats having similar propulsion makes this more complicated and is a discussion we’ll save for another time.

• A power-driven vessel makes use of any type of machinery for propulsion.
• A sailing vessel makes use of wind and sail.

Certain sailboats use both a sail and an engine. Still, any sailboat using its engine is considered a power-driven vessel at that given moment. Determining propulsion is important because, for most situations, the sailing vessel is given priority when the other vessel is a power-driven one.

When a sailboat meets a power-driven boat such as a recreational powerboat, the sailboat is the stand-on vessel in most situations. This is because the boat using an engine is more capable of making the necessary adjustment to ensure that no collision occurs.

Even when a sailboat is approaching a powerboat, the sailboat will still serve as a stand-on vessel because of its limited maneuverability.

Let’s consider another situation where a powerboat is about to cross paths with a sailboat under sail. What should the powerboat do? In such a situation, the powerboat is the give-way vessel and must adjust its course and speed to allow the sailboat passage.

Sailboats are usually stand-on vessel when meeting a recreational powerboat or any power-driven vessel, but there are exceptions.

When a sailboat overtakes a powerboat which vessel is the stand on the vessel? In such a situation, the overtaking vessel is always the give-way vessel regardless of its propulsion type.

Another situation where a sailing vessel is a give-way vessel when meeting a power-driven vessel is when the motorized boat is limited in its ability to maneuver or is not under command. This is the situation where the sailboat needs to react and adjust accordingly to avoid any untoward incident.

Other situations where a sailing vessel is a give-way vessel include but are not limited to when the other boat is restricted in its visibility, and when a vessel is engaged in fishing. Remember that it takes longer for sailboats to adjust their speed and course than boats using an engine.

The boating rules relating to stand-on and give-way vessels are important for every boater to know. We need to learn many things, but now that you know ‘when is a sailboat the stand-on vessel in relation to a recreational power boat?’, that’s one thing to strike off the list. Just make sure to keep learning more to keep ourselves and others safe.

If you have any comments or suggestions about boating right of way or any related topics, please leave them below. We’re eager to hear from you.

Remember to boat safely.

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You are in: Home > Resources > Boating Rules > Giveway Rules

Give Way Rules to Remember

• Give way to the right and stay to the right.
• If a power-driven vessel approaches on your port (left) side, you have right-of-way. Maintain your speed and course with caution. If it becomes obvious that the other vessel is not going to give way, then you should take the necessary steps to avoid a collision. Unless there's no alternative, do not turn to port to avoid a collision if you have right-of-way, you might cause a collision trying to avoid one.
• If a power-driven vessel approaches on your starboard (right) side, they have right-of-way. Stop, slow down or alter course to keep out of their way.
• If any vessel approaches your stern, maintain your speed and course and proceed with caution so they can overtake you safely.
• Power-driven vessels must give-way to sailing vessels at all times unless they are under power or overtaking you.
• When departing a marina you have the right of way over a vessel arriving at marina. As you depart the marina and encounter another vessel departing the marina slip you must give way to the vessel.
• When arriving at a marina you required to give way to vessels departing from the marina.

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When One Boat is Overtaking Another Which Boat Must Give Way?

Unlike other conditions in which boats meet in the water, when one boat is overtaking another boat, the overtaking vessel is always the give way vessel. This will not always be the case based on both how vessels meet, such as head on or crossing paths, and also based on the types of vessels that are interacting. In this case, however, the overtaking will always be the give way regardless of boat type and the boat being overtaken is the stand on vessel. Let’s clarify that a little further as we move on to remove any potential confusion.

Stand on Vessel

A stand on vessel is a vessel that, in a given interaction with another boat on the water, will be maintaining its course and speed. If another boat comes up behind your vessel and moves to overtake, you are now the stand on vessel. One important thing to remember here is that in most cases a power-driven vessel will always give way to a sailing vessel. However, in the case of overtaking, even if you are a power driven vessel, if the boat trying to overtake you is a sailing vessel, you will still be the stand on vessel and the sailing vessel must give way. Stand on vessels are always the vessels being overtaken.

Give Way Vessel

The give way vessel is the vessel that must take action in any given interaction with another vessel. It’s defined as early and substantial action to keep out of the way of the stand on vessel. That means it needs to be done with more than enough time to be out of the way of the stand on vessel before the two cross paths. And it needs to be substantial enough that there is no danger of the two vessels colliding.

As the boat looking to overtake another boat, you are the give way vessel no matter how your boat is powered, be it sailboat or a powered fishing boat , a personal watercraft or an inflatable pontoon. You must take action to pass the other boat while avoiding it at the same time.

If both vessels are under power, the overtaking vessel needs to use a sound signal to indicate their intent to the stand on vessel. This means using a single short horn blast to indicate the intent to pass to starboard or two short horn blasts to indicate the intent to pass to port. The stand on vessel should return these signals to indicate they understand the give way vessel’s intent.

How Do Vessel Power Types Affect Overtaking Other Vessels

Because some newer boaters can get confused by the rules for encountering other boats of different types, we’ll cover it here clearly.

Power Driven Vessel Meets Power Driven Vessel

If you are in a power drive vessel and you are meeting another power driven vessel head on, neither of you qualifies as the stand on vessel and you must both give way. Both of you should pass to the right or starboard sign after making a sound signal indicating to do so. This is where some boaters may get confused because this is when you are meeting head on and NOT when you are overtaking. When overtaking, the vessel being overtaken becomes the stand on, even if it is a powered vessel.

If you are crossing paths, the vessel to port is the give way and the vessel to starboard is the stand on., which is similar to how overtaking works but obviously you’re on different paths.

Power Driven Vessel Meets Sailing Vessel

When a power driven vessel meets a sailing vessel head on, the power driven vessel is always the give way vessel and the sailing vessel is the stand on. This can again be confusing when you compare to overtaking but remember, when overtaking, the vessel being overtaken is always the stand on no matter what the vessel overtaking it is – powered or under sail. Some new boaters mistakenly believe a sailing vessel will always be stand on, but this is not the case when overtaking, not could it be, really.

Sailing Vessel Meets Sailing Vessel

The meeting of sailing vessels can be slightly more confusing for boaters but just remember, again, the overtaking vessel is always the give way vessel. Otherwise, if you’re meeting another sailing vessel in any other situation, the sailing vessel with wind to the port side is the give way vessel. If both boats have wind on the same side, then the upwind vessel is the give way.

Just remember, the overtaking vessel is always the give way vessel.

What Is Early and Substantial Action?

You will see the term “early and substantial” action appear frequently in literature about overtaking other boats. It’s the standard terminology you’ll find in boating regulations and on boating exams detailing how to overtake or otherwise interact with other vessels on the water. It will always refer to the actions that need to be taken by the give way vessel when overtaking, crossing paths or meeting head on. The term is not entirely clear in its definition, however.

You are required to pass another boat at a “safe distance” but if you read most regulations you’ll never find that term defined. This is for a few reasons. First and foremost, the definition of “safe distance” is not set in stone. The distance you need to pass a jon boat when you’re in your own jon boat will likely be different than the distance needed between a super yacht and a sport fishing vessel . Bigger boats need more distance.

Another variable here is that you can only be sure of your own actions. You don’t know if the other boat operator is aware of the rules of the road and how they are going to respond as you overtake. It is your belief and hope they know what they’re doing, but it’s everyone’s responsibility on the water to be safe and do whatever they can to avoid collisions.

Part of that means that you need to be defensive in your actions and never assume another boater is going to help you out of a tight spot. You need to take that responsibility on your own and make sure, by your own actions alone, you overtake safely. For that reason, you will want to give any other boat a wide berth as you pass them, not just for their safety but for your own. More space means you have more time to react if something unexpected happens.

If the other boat has some kind of emergency, or something unexpected happens that you could have never predicted, you want time and space to react accordingly. That could mean yielding, changing course, or slowing down even though it was not your plan. For that reason, I would recommend ensuring you are giving the other boat that you are overtaking at least 100 feet of space on all sides as you overtake. That means the “early” action you take should have you moving out of the way at least 100 feet behind the other boat but ideally much sooner, and then giving them 100 feet of space as you pass them by. If the vessel is a large fishing boat, commercial or military vessel you should be giving at least 100 yards of space between your boat and theirs.

Always Boat Defensively

Overtaking another vessel can be dangerous and you need to be flexible in how you approach this situation. The fact that there are rules for the situation can put people in the mindset that they are “right” and someone else is “wrong” if there is a problem. And that’s very true, an accident could very much be someone else’s fault, but that doesn’t mean you shouldn’t be doing everything in your power to prevent it, even if you are not at fault.

The one rule above all others in a situation like this is to do whatever you can reasonably do to prevent a collision. So even if you believe you should be able to pass at 100 feet to the starboard side, if the other vessel begins to veer into your path, you need to take action to get out of the way. Slow your vessel, change course, whatever needs to happen. You can worry about who messed up later when everyone is still safe and sound and there’s been no accident.

The Bottom Line

When one boat is overtaking another boat on the water, the one that is overtaking automatically becomes the give way vessel. This is true regardless of whether any of the vessels involved are powered by a motor or are moving under sail. That means that the vessel being overtaken should simply maintain course and speed as the stand on vessel. The boat that is overtaking must take early and substantial action to maneuver around the stand on vessel after using sound signals to indicate to the vessel being overtaken of their intentions if they are under power. Once the stand on vessel has acknowledged that they are being overtaken, the give way vessel should pass at a safe distance. Remember to keep out of the way of any vessel not under command, a vessel engaged in fishing, or a vessel restricted in its ability to move.

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When crossing paths, what is the give-way vessel’s responsibility? Encountering Other Vessels Boat Test Guide

When crossing paths, what is the give-way vessel’s responsibility? Get the answer to this question in our boating test guide!

Welcome to our comprehensive guide on the responsibilities of the give-way vessel when crossing paths on the water! If you’re preparing for your boating test or simply seeking essential knowledge on safe boating practices, you’ve come to the right place. In this article, we delve into the crucial responsibilities of the give-way vessel during crossings, providing you with the answers you need to know. Whether you’re a new boater studying for your license or an experienced mariner refreshing your knowledge, our guide offers the most up-to-date information to ensure safe navigation on the water. Let’s dive in and explore the give-way vessel’s responsibilities to promote safe and responsible boating practices for all water enthusiasts.

• When crossing paths, what is the give-way vessel’s responsibility?

What Are The Rules For Encountering Other Vessels?

In the navigation rules, what must give-way boats do, in the navigation rules, what is the duty of the stand-on boat, stand on vessel definition. what is a stand on vessel, what should the operator of a stand-on vessel do when encountering a give-way vessel, what is your primary responsibility when other boats are in your area, what should the operator of a give-way vessel do to avoid colliding with a stand-on vessel, what should the operator of a giveaway vessel, other common test questions:, check out our other study guides for boating test questions:, getting certified: passing your boat exam, when crossing paths, what is the give-way vessel’s responsibility.

When crossing paths, the give-way vessel is responsible for taking early and substantial action to keep well away from other vessels. This includes stopping, slowing down, or changing course as necessary to avoid a collision. When encountering other vessels, the give-way vessel must also ensure that any changes in course or speed are large enough to be readily apparent to other vessels, helping to prevent misunderstandings and potential accidents on the water.  When crossing paths, what is the give-way vessel’s responsibility? Early and substantial action.

When encountering other vessels, boaters must follow certain rules to ensure safety on the water:

• Maintain a proper lookout: Always keep a lookout for other vessels, navigational hazards, and any potential dangers on the water.
• Determine the give-way vessel: The give-way vessel is responsible for taking early and substantial action to avoid a collision. This includes slowing down, stopping, or changing course if necessary.
• Determine the stand-on vessel: The stand-on vessel maintains its course and speed unless it becomes apparent that the give-way vessel is not taking appropriate action. You can learn more about determining the stand-on vessel by checking out this certified study guide
• Communicate intentions: Use sound signals, radio communications, or visual cues to communicate your intentions to other vessels and avoid confusion.
• Take early action: Act promptly and decisively to avoid collisions, especially in situations where vessels are on intersecting courses or are approaching head-on.
• Know the navigation rules: Familiarize yourself with the navigation rules and right-of-way regulations to ensure compliance and safe navigation in various situations.

By following these rules and guidelines, boaters can navigate encounters with other vessels safely and effectively, minimizing the risk of accidents and promoting enjoyable experiences on the water.

In these next sections, we will review all of the other scenarios and questions that you should be aware of before taking your boating test.

In the navigation rules, give-way boats must take early and substantial action to keep well away from other vessels. When encountering other vessels, this includes actions such as stopping, slowing down, or changing course to avoid a collision. The give-way vessel should also avoid crossing in front of other vessels and make any changes in course or speed large enough to be readily apparent to other boaters. These measures help ensure safe navigation and prevent accidents on the water.

In the navigation rules, the duty of the stand-on boat is to maintain its course and speed unless it becomes apparent that the give-way vessel is not taking appropriate action. When encountering other vessels the stand on vessel should continue its path and avoid making sudden maneuvers that could lead to confusion or collision. This helps ensure clear communication and predictable movements between vessels, contributing to safe navigation on the water.

A stand-on vessel, according to navigation rules, refers to a boat that has the right of way over another vessel. The stand-on vessel maintains its course and speed unless it becomes apparent that the give-way vessel is not taking appropriate action to avoid a collision. In essence, the stand-on vessel has the duty to maintain its course and speed to allow for predictable navigation, contributing to the safety of all vessels in the vicinity.

What should the operator of a stand-on vessel do when encountering a give-way vessel?When encountering a give-way vessel, the operator of a stand-on vessel should maintain its course and speed unless it becomes apparent that the give-way vessel is not taking appropriate action to avoid a collision. If necessary, the stand-on vessel may take action to avoid a collision, but it should avoid turning towards the give-way vessel or crossing in front of it. The primary responsibility of the stand-on vessel is to maintain its course and speed to allow for predictable navigation and to avoid confusion or potential accidents.

Your primary responsibility when other boats are in your area is to maintain a proper lookout and navigate safely to avoid collisions. This involves being aware of your surroundings, including other vessels, potential hazards, and changes in the weather or water conditions. By staying alert and following navigation rules, you can ensure the safety of everyone on the water.

The operator of a give-way vessel should take early and substantial action to avoid colliding with a stand-on vessel. This involves making a clear and decisive maneuver to pass at a safe distance. The operator should also be mindful of speed, the direction of travel, and ensure the change in course is noticeable to the stand-on vessel. Maintaining clear communication and following navigation rules will help prevent accidents and ensure safe passage.

What should the operator of a give-way vessel do?” Understanding this is crucial for safe navigation on waterways. The operator of a give-way vessel must yield the right-of-way to a stand-on vessel, adjusting speed or course early and decisively to avoid a collision. This proactive maneuvering involves assessing the situation, anticipating the path of the stand-on vessel, and making any necessary adjustments to ensure a clear passage. Effective communication, adherence to navigation rules, and maintaining a lookout are essential to safely navigating encounters with stand-on vessels, thereby reducing the risk of accidents on the water.

There’s multiple ways these questions get asked on boater exams, certifications, and licenses.  Here are some additional examples of common test questions.

• When crossing paths what is the give-way vessel’s responsibility
• What should the operator of a stand on vessel do when encountering a giveaway vessel
• When crossing paths what is the giveaway vessels responsibility
• when crossing paths, what is the give-way vessel’s responsibility
• What is draft on a boat?
• How to choose a marine gps app
• The 5 best boating weather apps for 2024.

Start your safe boating journey at boat-ed . com . Their accredited courses, recognized by NASBLA, the National Association of State Boating Law Administrators, make learning boater safety, etiquette, and water rules easy and accessible. With interactive courses available on all devices, prioritize safety as you prepare for your exam.

You can get a preview of what this, and other questions may look like on a boating test by visiting our friends at Boat-Ed. Check out their study guide .

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The Stand-on vessel should maintain its course and speed.  The give-away vessel , may however take action to avoid collision if it is clear that the vessel which should be keeping out of the way is not taking appropriate action.

What type of vessel has the right of way?

Every  give-way vessel  should keep out of the way of a stand-on vessel, so far as is possible, take early and substantial action to keep well clear.

A power-driven vessel underway shall keep out of the way of:

a vessel not under command;

a vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver;

a fishing boat hauling its nets;

a sailboat.

A sailboat underway shall keep out of the way of:

a fishing boat hauling its nets

A fishing boat when underway shall, so far as possible, keep out of the way of:

a vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver.

What type of vessel has the right of way in a narrow channel?

Power-driven vessels heading downstream always have the right of way when navigating through narrow channels.

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May 20, 2022 9 min read

Give-Way Vessel: Sailboat or Powerboat When Approaching Each Other?

When you're out on the water, it's important to understand the rules of the road to avoid collisions and ensure everyone's safety. One common scenario is when a sailboat and a powerboat are approaching each other. In this situation, which vessel should give way? Understanding the answer to this question can help prevent accidents and keep everyone on the water safe.

To determine which vessel should give way, it's important to understand the terminology used in navigation rules and regulations. This includes terms such as "stand-on vessel" and "give-way vessel." Knowing these terms and what they mean can help you navigate safely and avoid collisions. In the case of a sailboat and a powerboat approaching each other, the vessel that is the give-way vessel should yield to the stand-on vessel.

Key Takeaways

• Understanding vessel terminology is key to navigating safely on the water.
• In an approaching situation between a sailboat and a powerboat, the give-way vessel should yield to the stand-on vessel.
• Knowing the rules of the road and practicing safe seamanship can help prevent accidents.

Understanding Vessel Terminology

Sailboats and powerboats.

When it comes to understanding vessel terminology, it's important to differentiate between sailboats and powerboats. Sailboats are vessels that rely on wind power to move, while powerboats use engines. Sailboats come in different sizes and shapes, from small dinghies to large yachts, and they are often used for recreational purposes. Powerboats, on the other hand, can be used for recreation, transportation, or commercial purposes, and they can range from small fishing boats to large cruise ships.

Stand-On and Give-Way Vessels

Another important aspect of vessel terminology is the distinction between stand-on and give-way vessels. The stand-on vessel is the one that has the right of way and is required to maintain its course and speed. The give-way vessel is the one that must take action to avoid a collision by altering its course or speed. In general, sailboats are considered stand-on vessels, while powerboats are considered give-way vessels.

Underway Definition

Finally, it's important to understand the definition of the term  "underway." A vessel is considered underway when it is not at anchor, aground, or tied to a dock. This means that even if a sailboat is not actively sailing, but is instead drifting or using its engine to maintain its position, it is still considered underway. Similarly, a powerboat that is idling or drifting is also considered underway. Understanding this definition is important because it determines which rules of navigation apply to a particular vessel.

In summary, understanding vessel terminology is crucial to safe and effective navigation on the water. By knowing the difference between sailboats and powerboats, stand-on and give-way vessels, and the definition of underway, you can ensure that you are following the correct rules of navigation and avoiding potential collisions with other vessels.

Navigation Rules and Regulations

International rules.

When a sailboat is approaching a powerboat, it is important to know which vessel has the right-of-way. The International Rules specify that a sailboat is generally the give-way vessel and should keep clear of powerboats. However, there are some exceptions to this rule, such as when the powerboat is overtaking the sailboat or when the sailboat is operating in a narrow channel.

Right-of-Way

The right-of-way is the privilege of one vessel to proceed ahead of another vessel in a particular situation. In general, powerboats have the right-of-way over sailboats because they are more maneuverable and can change course more quickly. However, there are some situations where the sailboat has the right-of-way, such as when it is on a collision course with a powerboat.

The term "keep clear" means that a vessel must take early and substantial action to avoid a collision by altering its course and/or speed. Sailboats must keep clear of powerboats and take action to avoid a collision, even if they have the right-of-way. This may include changing course or speed, or using sound or light signals to communicate with the powerboat.

In summary, when a sailboat is approaching a powerboat, it is important to follow the  Navigation Rules and Regulations to avoid a collision. The International Rules specify that a sailboat is generally the give-way vessel, but there are exceptions to this rule. The right-of-way is the privilege of one vessel to proceed ahead of another vessel in a particular situation, and the term "keep clear" means that a vessel must take early and substantial action to avoid a collision.

Overtaking and Crossing Situations

Overtaking rules.

When a sailboat is approaching a powerboat from behind, the sailboat is the give-way vessel. The sailboat must keep clear of the powerboat and should not overtake until it is safe to do so. The powerboat has the right of way and should maintain its course and speed.

Crossing Paths

When a sailboat and a powerboat are approaching each other on crossing paths, the powerboat is the give-way vessel. The sailboat has the right of way and should maintain its course and speed. The powerboat should alter its course to avoid a collision.

Sound Signals

In some situations, sound signals may be used to communicate between boats. When a sailboat is overtaking a powerboat, the sailboat should sound one short blast to indicate its intention to overtake. When a powerboat is altering its course to avoid a sailboat, it should sound one short blast to indicate its intention.

Remember, safety is the top priority when boating. Always be aware of your surroundings and follow the  rules of the waterways .

Port, Starboard, and Stern

When a sailboat is approaching a powerboat, it is important to know which vessel has the right of way. The port side of a boat is the left side when facing the bow. If a sailboat and a powerboat are approaching each other and the sailboat is on the port side of the powerboat, the sailboat is the give-way vessel. This means that the sailboat must yield the right of way to the powerboat and take appropriate action to avoid a collision.

Starboard Side

On the other hand, the starboard side of a boat is the right side when facing the bow. If a sailboat and a powerboat are approaching each other and the sailboat is on the starboard side of the powerboat, the sailboat has the right of way. In this case, the powerboat is the give-way vessel and must take appropriate action to avoid a collision.

Stern Definition

The stern of a boat is the back end. When a boat is approaching another vessel from behind, it is important to keep a safe distance and avoid getting too close. The vessel in front has the right of way, and the vessel approaching from behind must yield and take appropriate action to avoid a collision.

Remember, it is important to always be aware of your surroundings and take appropriate action to avoid collisions. Following the rules of the water and using common sense can help prevent accidents and keep everyone safe.

Safe Speed and Seamanship

Maintaining safe speed.

When approaching a powerboat, it is important to maintain a safe speed. This means that you should be traveling at a speed that allows you to take appropriate action if necessary. You should also be aware of any speed limits in the area and adjust your speed accordingly. Additionally, it is important to be aware of the wake that your boat is creating and how it may affect other vessels in the area.

Seamanship Skills

Good seamanship skills are essential when approaching a powerboat. This includes being aware of your surroundings and maintaining a lookout for other vessels. You should also be aware of the rules of the road and any local regulations that may apply. Additionally, you should be prepared to communicate with the other vessel and take appropriate action if necessary.

Maneuverability

Maneuverability is also important when approaching a powerboat. You should be able to maneuver your sailboat quickly and effectively in order to avoid a collision. This may involve using techniques such as tacking or jibing, or simply adjusting your course or speed. Additionally, you should be aware of the other vessel's maneuverability and be prepared to adjust your own course or speed accordingly.

By maintaining a safe speed, using good seamanship skills, and being aware of your boat's maneuverability, you can ensure a safe and enjoyable experience when approaching a powerboat. Remember to always be aware of your surroundings and take appropriate action to avoid a collision.

Powerboats and Personal Watercraft

Powerboat handling.

When a sailboat is approaching a powerboat, the powerboat is usually the give-way vessel. However, it is important to note that powerboats have different handling characteristics compared to sailboats. Powerboats can stop or change direction quickly, but they also have a larger turning radius. Therefore, it is important for powerboat operators to be aware of their surroundings and take necessary actions to avoid collisions.

Personal Watercraft Use

Personal watercraft, such as jet skis, are also considered powerboats. However, they have different handling characteristics compared to traditional powerboats. Personal watercraft are highly maneuverable and can quickly change direction, but they also have a shorter stopping distance. Therefore, it is important for personal watercraft operators to be aware of their surroundings and take necessary actions to avoid collisions.

In summary, powerboat operators and personal watercraft operators should always be vigilant and aware of their surroundings when on the water. It is important to follow boating laws and regulations to ensure the safety of everyone on the water.

Meeting Head-On and Other Scenarios

Head-on encounters.

When a sailboat and a powerboat are approaching each other head-on, the powerboat is the give-way vessel. As a sailboat, you should maintain your course and speed, and the powerboat should alter its course to avoid a collision. If you are unsure whether the powerboat has seen you or not, you can signal your presence by waving your arms or sounding your horn.

Overtaking Scenarios

When a sailboat is overtaking a powerboat, the sailboat is the give-way vessel. As a sailboat, you should alter your course to avoid a collision, and the powerboat should maintain its course and speed. If you are overtaking a powerboat, make sure you do it on the side where the powerboat's operator can see you.

In all scenarios, it is important to keep a safe distance from other vessels. The distance should be enough to allow you to maneuver in case of an emergency. Always be aware of your surroundings and keep a lookout for other boats, buoys, and other objects in the water.

Remember that the rules of the road apply to all vessels, including sailboats and powerboats. By following these rules, you can ensure a safe and enjoyable boating experience for everyone involved.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the give-way vessel when a sailboat is approaching a powerboat.

When a sailboat is approaching a powerboat, the powerboat is the give-way vessel. The sailboat has the right of way, and the powerboat must take action to avoid a collision. This is because sailboats are less maneuverable than powerboats and require more time to change course.

What should you do to avoid colliding with another vessel?

To avoid colliding with another vessel, you should keep a proper lookout and be aware of other boats in the area. You should also follow the rules of the road and give-way to other boats when necessary. If you are unsure about what to do, slow down or stop your vessel until you can safely navigate around the other boat.

Why should a vessel operator keep a proper lookout?

A vessel operator should keep a proper lookout to avoid collisions with other boats, objects, or hazards in the water. This includes keeping an eye out for other boats, swimmers, and floating debris. A proper lookout can help prevent accidents and ensure the safety of everyone on board.

One boat is overtaking another which boat must give-way?

When one boat is overtaking another, the boat being overtaken is the give-way vessel. The overtaking boat must keep clear of the other boat and give it enough room to maneuver. The boat being overtaken should maintain its course and speed until the overtaking boat has passed.

When a power boat meets a sailboat who has the right of way?

When a power boat meets a sailboat, the sailboat has the right of way. This is because sailboats are less maneuverable than powerboats and require more time to change course. The powerboat must take action to avoid a collision and give the sailboat enough room to maneuver.

When would the sailboat be the give way vessel?

There are some situations where the sailboat would be the give-way vessel. For example, if a sailboat is crossing in front of a powerboat, the sailboat must give-way to the powerboat. Similarly, if a sailboat is overtaking another boat, it must keep clear of the other boat and give it enough room to maneuver.

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Which vessel must give way crucial rules of boating.

It is time for a memorable day on the water! Ensuring you and your group have an awesome water adventure, please make sure to review the rules when encountering another vessel. These are important guidelines to follow, making it safe for your boat as well as other boats on the lake that day. 

There are a few terms to familiarize yourself with if you are a new boater. 

The Give-Way Vessel:  The give-way vessel must yield and get out of the way of the approaching vessel. When two vessels approach one another, it is the give-way vessel's obligation to take early and substantial action to avoid a collision.

The Stand-On Vessel:  If you are the Stand-On vessel, it is your responsibility to acknowledge the intended actions of the give-way vessel. You must also maintain your current course and speed until the give-way vessel passes, or you enter a dangerous situation.

Crossing-Paths:  Typically, this means you must alter speed or direction to cross behind the other vessel (the stand-on vessel). At night, if you see a red light crossing right-to-left in front of you, you need to change your course.  The vessel which has the wind on its starboard (right) side has the right of way. The vessel which has the wind on its port (left) side must give way. When both boats have the wind on the same side the windward (upwind) boat has to give-way.

Meeting a Boat Head-On.  As you approach another vessel head-on, make sure to navigate your course starboard. This means you will pass each other on the port side, the side of the vessel to the left of the other vessel. At night, if you see a red light crossing right-to-left in front of you, you need to change your course.

Which Boat has the Right of Way when Crossing Paths? When two vessels are crossing paths, it is vital to know who has the right of way. The stand-on vessel has the right of way, and it is up to the give-way vessel to maneuver in a way that will avoid a collision. You will know this at night if you see the red port light crossing from right to left in front of you. In that case, you are the give-way vessel and should maneuver to avoid collision. If you see the green starboard light crossing from left to right in front of you, you are the stand-on vessel and should continue your course.  

What Does it Mean to Overtake another Boat?  Any vessel that is approaching your boat for the stern doesn't have the right of way. Maintain your speed and course. The boat who is overtaking is the give-way vessel and should maneuver in a way to avoid collision with the stand-on vessel.  Whenever a boat is overtaking another, the vessel in front always has the right of way and should be allowed to continue their original course. At night, the overtaking vessel will see only the white stern light of the vessel being overtaken. 

Encountering a Vessel Diagram

The  National Maritime College  is an excellent resource because they specialize  in recreational boat training onboard all types of recreational vessels - large or small, sail or power. This organization provides valuable information for experienced boaters and for boaters trying to improve their handling skills.  They advocate for skills-based recreational boat training and aim to equip people with essential boating knowledge, skills and an understanding of the maritime and local State rules.

This knowledge and practical skill plays a crucial role in boating safety and protecting the marine environment.

(Remember to inspect your  boat lines  and  dock ties   and replace as needed. Boat lines and dock ties weather and weaken over time.)

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By: Ashley Lizzi on June 7th, 2021

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Who has the Right of Way on a Boat? (Rules of the Water)

Meet Joe, new to the boating scene and proud owner of a brand new  pontoon boat .  Joe has recently moved to a house on the water and is ready to jump on board.  The body of water that Joe has chosen is large and heavily populated, especially on big weekends.

Being in his 50’s, Joe has had a driver’s license for longer than he can remember and a squeaky clean driving record.  Never an accident or a speeding ticket for this guy!  All this to say that Joe feels confident as the captain of his new pontoon boat.

Joe has been driving a car for 30 plus years now and knows just how easy it is to get behind the wheel and go.  He doesn’t feel the need to take a boater’s course or explore the option of  obtaining a boating license  because, again, he’s a top-notch driver.  

If you think this all sounds pretty good so far, we need to talk.  

Just because Joe can drive a car better than most does not mean he’s prepared to operate his pontoon boat safely.  I cannot stress this enough, if you’re in the same boat as Joe, please take the time to educate yourself on navigation rules and boating safety.

There are tons of navigation rules to know, but these are the most important for safe boating.   Here are the main navigation rules that you should know before ever stepping foot behind the helm of a boat. 

What to do When Meeting Another Boat Head-On

When approaching another vessel head-on, you should navigate your course starboard, meaning you will pass each other on the port side.  If you’re unsure of what these terms mean, check out the article on boating terms below.  

An indicator of a head-on meeting at night is if you see both side lights, green and red, of the opposing vessel at the same time.

Related reading:   Top 20 Boating Terms Every Boater Should Know

Which Boat has the Right of Way When Crossing Paths?

When two vessels are in a situation where they are crossing paths, it’s critical to know who has the right of way.  The vessel that has the opposing boat coming up on its starboard side is called the give-way vessel.  The boat coming in from the starboard side is called the stand-on vessel.

The stand-on vessel has the right of way, and it is up to the give-way vessel to maneuver in a way that will avoid a collision.  You will know this at night if you see the red port light crossing from right to left in front of you.  In that case, you are the give-way vessel and should maneuver to avoid collision.

If you see the green starboard light crossing from left to right in front of you, you are the stand-on vessel and should continue your course.  

What Does it Mean to Overtake Another Boat?

To overtake another vessel means to approach the stern of the opposing boat and pass by on either side, continually moving forward.  The boat who is overtaking is the give-way vessel and should maneuver in a way to avoid collision with the stand-on vessel.

If you were to overtake another vessel at night, you would only see the stern light of the stand-on vessel and not the red and green navigation lights.  It is up to the give-way vessel to safely maneuver around the stand-on vessel.  This rule even applies to a vessel that’s under sail. 

Do Vessels Under Sail Have the Right of Way?

Vessels under sail  refer to any boat that is operating without the use of a motor.  Typical boats that operate in this way are sailboats.  

A vessel under sail has the right of way over a boat utilizing a motor.  The exception to this is if the vessel under sail is overtaking a powerboat. 

Operating in a Narrow Channel

When operating your boat in a narrow channel, you must always give way to the passing vessel if they have difficulty maneuvering due to size or there’s a potential they could run aground.  This is typically the case for large vessels that have a more difficult time operating in narrow, shallow spaces.

When entering and exiting small channels such as those found on inland lakes, you should give right away to the boat that is exiting the channel.   On the Great Lakes and Western River system, vessels going downstream are stand-on; vessels going upstream must give way according to  Boat U.S. Foundation .

Know how to Navigate

Once you know the rules of the water, operating a boat is much easier.  Knowing how to navigate is a critical step in educating yourself on boaters safety.  If every boater took the time to learn this information, we’d all be better off on the water.

That said, always keep in mind that just because you know how to navigate, doesn’t mean the other boater does.  Stay vigilant and take care when passing other boats in any situation.  Even if you’re the stand-on boat, it’s critical to be aware that the give-way boat may not know the direction they’re supposed to go.

A safe boater is a happy boater. That's why I strongly suggest taking a course and getting your boating license at any age.  There are a ton of resources online that can help steer you in the right direction for boaters education.  

OTHER HELPFUL ARTICLES:

How to get a Boating License

Pontoon Boat Safety

About Ashley Lizzi

Barletta Content Manager, 9+ years Manufacturer Marketing, Brand Management, Customer Experience, and life-long boater.