autopilot yacht how does it work

Yacht Autopilot Explained: 13 Helpful Tips (For Beginners)

Some yachts are equipped with autopilot devices, and others are not.

Autopilot (or autohelm) is a self-steering device used on ships or boats to maintain a specific course without constant action from a human.

Here’s an Idea of How Autopilot on Yachts Work:

Not every yacht has autopilot. Bigger yacht types are more likely to have autopilot, and there are different levels of automation. Some autopilot systems will only keep the course you set, while others will control both the course of the ship and the speed of the motor as well.

Table of Contents

What is Autopilot Mode On A Yacht?

Autopilot can be either electronic or mechanical devices that allow a ship to maintain course on its own.

An electronic autopilot uses magnetic compasses, wind directions, or GPS systems to determine where to go. 

A mechanical autopilot device is often used to keep a sailboat on a given course towards the wind that frees the helmsman from constantly steering.

What Types of Yachts Are Equipped With Autopilot?

Typically, “day-boats” or yachts that are meant for daily use, will not have autopilot.

These vessels are generally used in the short term, and the autopilot equipment is unnecessary.

However, autopilot is becoming more and more common on boats that are 20 feet or longer.

If your boat is not equipped with autopilot, you can install this feature after the fact.

The 3 Types of Autopilot:

1. tiller pilot:.

The most simple type of autopilot is called a tiller pilot.

This attaches to a sailboat’s tiller and plugs into 12 volts supplied by the boat’s battery. It steers the boat to a magnetic compass heading.

These are inexpensive, simple to install, and work reliably.

2. Sailboat Wheel Autopilot:

Sailboats with a wheel require a different steering device.

The most common one for smaller sailboats is a belt that drives a pulley attached to the wheel.

This drive is controlled by an electronic amplifier that can use compass heading, GPS waypoint, or wind to steer the boat.

3. Electromechanic or Hydraulic Autopilot:

Larger sailboats use an electromechanical or hydraulic ram that connects directly to the rudder post.

The electronic amplifier can also control these with compass heading, GPS waypoint, or wind direction to steer the boat.

A separate actuator of this type is a good back-up steering device if the wheel steering mechanism fails.

Why Should I Use Autopilot?

When sailing, the autopilot can save you from constantly monitoring the vessel, but you can also save time and fuel while on your voyage.

Most autopilot systems can hold a straighter course than a man could, allowing you to stay on course easier.

There are also benefits from autopilot regarding fuel efficiency and convenience. When you travel over long distances, you might need to take your hands off the wheel.

It’s very convenient for a big rig to have autopilot to help you stay the course.

Can an Autopilot Put my Boat in Danger?

Boats are regularly lost when they sail under autopilot, getting caught on a reef, or fall into other dangers.

If you are not watching out, you can endanger your own boat, passengers, and other boats on the water. Only engage an autopilot when someone is on watch and looking out for dangers.

While autopilot is a diligent helmsman, it does not make decisions for the safety of your boat.

That will always be the captain’s job!

How To Sail A Yacht:

If you have decided to take up sailing, there are some things that you will need to know:

1. Know the Terms

Any sailor on a boat will need to know the terms that are used while sailing.

This will help to communicate with other sailors and will help you when it comes time to sail.

One of the most important sets of terms to know are the parts of a boat:

• Starboard: the right side of the boat while you are looking towards its front.
• Port: the left side of the boat while you are looking towards its front.
• Bow: the front of the boat.
• Stern: the back of the boat.
• Hull: the body of the boat.
• Mast: the vertical pole that supports the sails.
• Boom: the shorter horizontal pole that is attached to the sail.
• Lines: the ropes that control the sails.

If you choose to learn more about the terminology, the sails and their parts are broken down into even more specific terms.

2. Find The Wind Before Turning On The Autopilot

When operating a yacht with sails , you will be dependent on the wind. You need to learn to “find the wind.”

One of the most major things that sailors need to know is how to find the wind. The wind determines what type of sailing day you are likely to have and can make a big difference.

Most basic sailing classes will go over the basics of reading the wind and working with the wind.

When referencing the wind, sailors look at it in two different ways: what direction the wind is actually going and how this direction pertains to them. Both of these distinctions are important.

Oftentimes, we use clues to indicate wind direction. These clues can include flags or tails tied to their rigging.

When you have decided from what direction the wind is coming from, you can then decide the “windward” side of the boat.

The “windward” side is the side that is closest to the wind. The other side is known as the “leeward” side.

3. Learn to Hoist Your Sails

Practicing hoisting your sail is important and should be attempted for the first time while moored or with a light wind.

One of the most important things when it comes to hoisting your sails is to make sure that your sail and it’s lines are all the way to the top with no twists, turns, or wraps.

If the sail is not properly straight, it can cause expensive damage.

Make sure everything is set up the right way before turning on the autopilot system.

4. Learn Your Points of Sail

Every time you change course, your point of sail changes.

A point of sail is an all-encompassing term for the direction your boat faces concerning the wind.

Knowing your sail points can help you be successful in steering your vessel and knowing how the wind will affect your vessel in different wind conditions.

Sail trim must be correct for the point of sail you choose:

5. Learn to Control Your Speed

When sailing, you will need to know how to control your speed.

Without a traditional motor, your speed will rely on how you handle your sails concerning the wind.

With a motor installed on the yacht, it’s much easier to control this, especially with an autopilot system.

To slow your speed, you will want to ease the sheets out and let the sails luff. Keep in mind that while you are slowing down, a heavier boat will take longer to stop due to the momentum they gain from their weight.

The quickest way to lose speed is to turn to direct into the wind.

6. Learn the Navigation Rules

Like any water vessel, you will need to learn the navigation rules before you set sail.

These rules can differ for sailboats than for power vessels.

Usually, sailboats are given the right of way when faced with powerboats or other vessels. However, you will still want to ensure you make the safest decision for each encounter you come across while dealing with any other type of vessel.

Here’s a guide we’ve made on how to use the horn on a boat and here’s another guide we did on how you pass by other boats (the right way!)

7. Learn to Use Your Autopilot Device

Whether you are using a mechanical or electronic autopilot system, the process should be pretty easy.

Basic electronic autopilot systems detect the current heading of the boat and compare it with the heading that has been sent by the operator of the vessel.

If the device finds that the boat has strayed off course, it will instruct the mechanical system to correct the course. Autopilots may also interface with the GPS and steer toward a waypoint.

Wind direction can be used as an input to the autopilot to keep the boat sailing at a constant angle to the wind. This reduces the need to adjust sails and keeps the boat sailing efficiently.

Electronic autopilot systems can range in sophistication. Some are simply a device that attaches to and operates a tiller, or some can be hydraulic pumps that operate rams that control the rudder.

These devices are easy to use for the operator, and you often put the boat on the heading you want and hit a button.

This will keep the boat on that particular heading.

Some are more complicated and can be set to steer to the wind or even have the option to connect to chart plotters to make the boat steer a certain course.

You can also have a mechanical autopilot system. These are on the boat’s stern that attaches to a wind operated vane that works with the rudder and informs it when to turn.

A mechanical autopilot system is ideal for long passages that don’t have a lot of wind change.

8. Make Sure to Always Keep An Eye Out

While sailing, even with an autopilot system, you should always keep an eye out.

Autopilot systems cannot anticipate other vessels and properly avoid them or give them the proper space they need.

Sailing, or boating in general, requires supervision and attention.

You need to make sure that you give other vessels the proper space and make sure you can sail safely.

9. Ensure Your Boat Is In Proper Working Order

One good rule that should be followed by all boat owners is to make sure your boat is in proper working order.

If you do not properly take care of or manage your equipment, you can be caught in a compromising position.

Ensure you check your lines, mast, sails, hull, backup engine, or any other necessary sailing equipment.

Even the smallest issue can worsen with time and use, and you will want to make sure you do not allow that to happen.

If everything is working, there is less of a chance that you will be stuck out on the open water.

10. Take a Class

One of the best things you can do to become an efficient and confident sailor is to take a sailing class.

Even if you aspire to sail a large cruising boat, the basics are best learned in small boats. Small boats give the student the feel of sailing in a boat that quickly responds to steering and sail trim.

A basic sailing class will teach you the proper terms, the theory and practice behind sailing, the navigation rules, the necessary safety equipment and procedures, overboard drills, the necessary knots, and will allow you to practice sailing.

Other advanced classes are also offered if you want to learn even more about the hobby.

Sailing can be an addictive hobby that will leave you wanting to know as much as you can.

Just make sure that you know the necessary and confidence to handle sailing before you set out on the open water.

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How Does a Yacht Autopilot Work: An In-Depth Explanation

The vast expanse of the open sea, the gentle sway of the waves, and the freedom to explore distant horizons – these are just a few of the enchanting aspects of boating that draw enthusiasts to the water. Yet, amidst the allure of the maritime world, sailors have long grappled with the demanding task of steering their vessels, especially during extended journeys. Enter the remarkable innovation of yacht autopilots – a technological marvel that has revolutionized modern boating.

At the heart of every yacht autopilot lies the promise of convenience and safety. With these ingenious systems in place, the helmsperson can now relinquish the constant duty of steering, allowing them to divert their attention to other vital aspects of navigation and the welfare of the vessel and crew. As we embark on this journey, we will delve into the inner workings of yacht autopilots, illuminating the cutting-edge technology and mechanisms that make them such invaluable assets to sailors and adventurers alike. Whether you are an experienced yachtsman seeking to deepen your understanding or a curious novice eager to explore the wonders of modern boating, this article is your comprehensive guide to unlocking the secrets of yacht autopilots. So, let us set sail on this captivating voyage of knowledge and exploration.

Understanding the Basic Principle

At the core of yacht autopilots lies a brilliant fusion of electronics and control systems, all designed to accomplish one fundamental goal – maintaining the boat’s desired course without constant manual intervention. The principle behind yacht autopilots is grounded in sophisticated technology and precise mechanisms that work seamlessly together.

Electronic Sensors:

Yacht autopilots rely on a series of electronic sensors to monitor the boat’s heading and movement. The primary sensor is typically a compass, which provides real-time information on the boat’s current direction. Some modern autopilots also incorporate advanced sensors such as gyroscopes and GPS (Global Positioning System) receivers, enhancing their accuracy and responsiveness.

Control Systems:

The control system is the brain of the yacht autopilot, analyzing data from the electronic sensors and making adjustments to keep the boat on the intended course. It processes the information received from the compass and other sensors, comparing it to the desired course set by the helmsperson. Based on this analysis, the control system calculates the necessary steering corrections.

Key Components:

A yacht autopilot comprises several essential components, each playing a critical role in the system’s operation. The compass serves as the primary reference for the boat’s heading, feeding data to the control unit. The control unit is the central processor that interprets the compass data and other sensor inputs, determining the required course corrections. Finally, actuators are responsible for physically moving the boat’s steering mechanism to execute the corrections set by the control unit.

Through this intricate interplay of electronic sensors, control systems, compasses, and actuators, yacht autopilots autonomously maintain the boat’s intended course. As we journey deeper into the mechanics of yacht autopilots, we will uncover the fascinating nuances that make these systems so indispensable in modern boating.

Input and Data Gathering in Yacht Autopilot Systems

In the realm of yacht autopilots, data gathering is paramount to ensure precise and reliable navigation. These sophisticated systems rely on a multitude of input sources to understand the boat’s current position, heading, and environmental conditions. Let’s explore the critical role of input and data gathering in yacht autopilot systems:

• GPS (Global Positioning System): GPS is a cornerstone of modern yacht autopilots, providing accurate and continuous information about the boat’s latitude, longitude, and speed over the ground. This data is vital for determining the boat’s position relative to the intended course and making necessary corrections to stay on track.
• Compass: As mentioned earlier, the compass serves as the primary sensor for the boat’s heading. It provides real-time data to the autopilot’s control unit, ensuring the boat stays on the desired course, regardless of wind and current variations.
• Wind Sensors: Yacht autopilots often integrate wind sensors to account for wind direction and strength. This data helps the autopilot adjust the boat’s course to maintain optimal sailing angles relative to the wind, enhancing both performance and efficiency.
• Depth Sensors: In some cases, autopilots utilize depth sensors, especially in shallow or hazardous waters. By monitoring the depth beneath the boat, the autopilot can navigate safely, avoiding potential grounding or hazards.

Accurate and Reliable Data: The precision and effectiveness of yacht autopilots heavily depend on the accuracy and reliability of the input data they receive. Inaccurate or corrupted data can lead to course deviations, affecting the boat’s performance and safety. Therefore, manufacturers emphasize the importance of high-quality sensors and robust data processing algorithms to ensure optimal performance.

By harnessing data from multiple sources such as GPS, compass, wind sensors, and depth sensors, yacht autopilots create a comprehensive and real-time understanding of the boat’s position and environmental conditions. This wealth of information empowers the autopilot to make precise adjustments, allowing sailors to navigate confidently and focus on other aspects of their seafaring journey. As we venture further, we will explore the mechanisms that transform this data into fluid and graceful course corrections, ushering sailors into a new era of boating convenience and ease.

Course Calculations and Control Algorithms Used by Yacht Autopilots

Within the heart of yacht autopilots lies a sophisticated web of course calculations and control algorithms, working in harmony to maintain the boat’s intended heading. Let’s delve into the inner workings of these intelligent systems:

Course Calculations: 

The autopilot’s control unit processes data received from various sensors, such as the GPS, compass, and wind sensors. Based on this input, the control unit calculates the boat’s actual position, heading, and orientation relative to the desired course set by the helmsperson. It then identifies any deviations and discrepancies that need correction.

Control Algorithms: 

Yacht autopilots employ advanced control algorithms to determine the necessary adjustments for the boat’s heading. These algorithms take into account factors such as wind direction, boat speed, current, and sailing angles. They make complex calculations to determine the optimal rudder or sail adjustments required to bring the boat back on course.

Feedback Loop System: 

The beauty of yacht autopilots lies in their ability to continuously monitor and adjust the boat’s heading in real-time. This is achieved through a feedback loop system. As the boat sails along its intended course, the autopilot’s control unit constantly receives feedback from the compass and other sensors, comparing it to the desired heading. If any deviations are detected, the control unit immediately calculates the appropriate adjustments and signals the actuators to move the rudder or adjust the sails accordingly.

Dynamic Response: 

Yacht autopilots are designed to be dynamic and adaptive, responding to changing sailing conditions with precision. As the boat encounters wind shifts, waves, or other environmental variables, the control algorithms swiftly recalculate the necessary corrections to maintain a steady course.

Predictive Capability: 

Modern yacht autopilots may incorporate predictive capabilities, taking into account factors such as weather forecasts and tidal patterns. By anticipating future changes in sailing conditions, the autopilot can proactively adjust the boat’s heading, ensuring a smoother and more efficient sailing experience.

By employing sophisticated control algorithms and maintaining a responsive feedback loop, yacht autopilots provide sailors with an unrivaled level of precision and ease in maintaining their desired course. With these mechanisms in place, sailors can confidently explore the vast expanse of the open sea, knowing their trusted autopilot is guiding them on a steady and safe path. As we navigate further into the depths of yacht autopilot technology, we will uncover even more marvels that make modern boating an extraordinary experience.

Different Steering Mechanisms and Actuators Used by Yacht Autopilots

The flawless execution of yacht autopilots’ course corrections is made possible by the utilization of various steering mechanisms and actuators. These components work in tandem to physically adjust the boat’s rudder or sails, allowing the autopilot to maintain the desired course. 

Let’s delve into the different steering mechanisms and actuators employed by yacht autopilots:

• Hydraulic Steering: Hydraulic systems are commonly used in larger yachts or sailboats. A hydraulic autopilot utilizes pressurized hydraulic fluid to move the boat’s rudder. The control unit sends signals to a hydraulic pump, which then transfers the fluid to hydraulic cylinders connected to the boat’s steering system. This movement controls the boat’s rudder and enables precise course corrections.
• Electric Steering: Electric steering systems are more common in smaller yachts and sailboats. An electric autopilot uses an electric motor, linked to the boat’s steering system, to move the rudder. The control unit sends signals to the electric motor, which turns the boat’s steering mechanism, adjusting the rudder and maintaining the desired course.
• Mechanical Steering: Some older or simpler yacht autopilots use mechanical steering systems. In this setup, the control unit employs mechanical linkages and a mechanical drive mechanism to physically turn the boat’s rudder. The mechanical linkage translates the control unit’s signals into the necessary rudder adjustments.
• Sailing Actuators: Yacht autopilots used for sailboats may have additional actuators designed to control sails. These actuators adjust the angle of the sails to optimize the boat’s performance based on wind direction and sailing angles. The control unit sends signals to the sailing actuators, allowing the autopilot to make the necessary sail adjustments for optimal sailing performance.

How the Control Unit Sends Signals to the Actuators to Maintain the Desired Course?

Control unit signaling: .

The control unit is the central brain of the yacht autopilot, responsible for processing sensor data and determining the required course corrections. Once the calculations are made, the control unit sends precise signals to the steering mechanism or sailing actuators. These signals instruct the actuators to move the boat’s rudder or adjust the sails, bringing the boat back on course.

Seamless Coordination: 

The coordination between the control unit and the steering mechanisms or actuators is a symphony of precision, ensuring smooth and accurate course adjustments. This harmonious collaboration enables sailors to experience a sense of ease and confidence as their yacht autopilot efficiently guides them on their nautical journey.

With the combination of diverse steering mechanisms and actuators, yacht autopilots offer sailors a versatile and reliable means of maintaining their intended course. From hydraulic to electric and mechanical systems, each configuration is designed to meet the specific needs of different types of boats and sailing preferences. As we continue our voyage through the world of yacht autopilots, we will uncover more of the ingenious technology that has elevated modern boating to new heights of convenience and mastery.

Integration of Yacht Autopilots with Other Navigation Systems on Board.

Yacht autopilots are not standalone entities but rather seamlessly integrate with other onboard navigation systems, creating a comprehensive network that enhances safety and efficiency during sailing. These integrated systems work in harmony to provide sailors with a wealth of information and sophisticated control. 

Let’s explore how yacht autopilots integrate with other navigation systems:

• Chartplotters: Chartplotters are electronic navigation devices that display electronic nautical charts, providing real-time position tracking and route planning. Yacht autopilots can integrate with chartplotters, allowing the autopilot to follow pre-defined routes or waypoints set by the helmsperson. This integration ensures precise navigation along planned paths and simplifies route adjustments during the voyage.
• Radar: Radar is a critical tool for detecting other vessels, obstacles, and adverse weather conditions. Yacht autopilots can integrate with radar systems, enabling collision avoidance capabilities. When combined, the autopilot can receive radar input, identify potential hazards, and make necessary course adjustments to avoid collisions while maintaining the intended route.
• AIS (Automatic Identification System): AIS is a technology used to exchange ship information, such as vessel identification, position, and course, with nearby vessels. When yacht autopilots integrate with AIS systems, they gain access to real-time data on surrounding vessels, enhancing situational awareness and collision avoidance capabilities.
• Following Predefined Routes: Modern yacht autopilots offer the convenience of following predefined routes or waypoints set by the helmsperson. Sailors can plan their desired course in advance using chartplotter software or other navigation tools. Once the route is programmed, the autopilot takes charge, expertly steering the boat along the chosen path while the helmsperson can focus on other aspects of navigation and safety.

Seamless Navigation and Safety: 

The integration of yacht autopilots with chartplotters, radar, and AIS fosters a seamless navigation experience. By combining real-time position data, route planning, and collision avoidance capabilities, sailors can confidently navigate complex waterways and enjoy a safer and more efficient journey. The integration also enhances the helmsperson’s ability to make informed decisions based on comprehensive data, ultimately promoting a heightened sense of security on the open sea.

As modern yacht autopilots continue to evolve, their integration with advanced navigation systems ensures that sailors are well-equipped with a comprehensive toolkit for safe and sophisticated boating. With these integrated technologies, yacht autopilots open the door to exciting adventures and memorable voyages, making each journey an unforgettable experience for all aboard.

User Interface of Yacht Autopilots and How Helmspersons Can Control and Adjust the Autopilot Settings

The user interface of modern yacht autopilots is designed for user-friendliness and accessibility, allowing helmspersons to control and adjust autopilot settings with ease. Additionally, autopilots incorporate various safety features to enhance navigation and minimize potential risks. Let’s delve into the user interface and safety features of yacht autopilots:

User Interface: Yacht autopilots typically come with an intuitive user interface that may consist of a display unit or touch screen. Through this interface, helmspersons can access autopilot settings, configure navigation parameters, and engage or disengage the autopilot with a simple touch or press of a button. The interface may also allow sailors to select pre-programmed routes, adjust sail settings, and monitor real-time data from integrated navigation systems.

Safety Features: 

Yacht autopilots are equipped with several safety features to ensure secure navigation and prevent accidents. Some of the common safety features include:

• Course Deviation Alarms: Yacht autopilots are programmed to monitor the boat’s heading continuously. If the boat deviates from the intended course beyond a specified threshold, the autopilot triggers an alarm to alert the helmsperson. This feature helps identify potential navigational errors or external factors affecting the boat’s course.
• Heading Change Alarms: To prevent sudden and excessive changes in heading, yacht autopilots may feature alarms for rapid changes in course. Such alarms notify the helmsperson when there are unusual or abrupt maneuvers, promoting safer and smoother navigation.
• Depth and Obstruction Warnings: Some yacht autopilots integrate with depth sensors and obstacle detection systems. If the boat approaches shallow waters or potential hazards, the autopilot may warn the helmsperson, enabling timely action to avoid grounding or collisions.
• Auto-Disengage: To maintain control in unforeseen circumstances, yacht autopilots often include an auto-disengage feature. This means that the autopilot disengages automatically when certain safety conditions are met, such as manual steering input, extreme weather conditions, or emergency situations.

Regular Monitoring and Manual Control: Despite the advanced capabilities of yacht autopilots, helmspersons must maintain vigilance and regularly monitor the autopilot system during navigation. Monitoring allows sailors to ensure the autopilot is functioning correctly and making accurate course adjustments. Moreover, sailors should be prepared to take manual control of the boat at any time, particularly in emergency situations or when approaching busy or hazardous areas.

The combination of an intuitive user interface and robust safety features makes yacht autopilots an invaluable tool for sailors, providing convenience, accuracy, and added peace of mind during their maritime journeys. With proper utilization, sailors can focus on enjoying the beauty of the open sea while the autopilot takes care of the helm with unwavering precision and safety.

Watch How does a marine autopilot work?  | Video

Top 5 FAQs and answers related to how does a yacht autopilot work

How does a yacht autopilot work.

A yacht autopilot utilizes electronic sensors, control algorithms, and actuators to maintain the boat’s desired course. It receives input from various sources like GPS, compass, and wind sensors, processes the data in the control unit, and sends signals to the steering mechanism or sails to make real-time adjustments.

Can a yacht autopilot follow predefined routes?

Yes, modern yacht autopilots can follow predefined routes or waypoints set by the helmsperson. By integrating with chartplotters or navigation systems, the autopilot can accurately navigate along the planned path, allowing the helmsperson to focus on other aspects of sailing.

What safety features do yacht autopilots have?

Yacht autopilots incorporate safety features such as course deviation alarms, heading change alarms, and depth warnings. These features alert the helmsperson when the boat deviates from its intended course, experiences rapid heading changes, or approaches shallow waters or potential obstructions.

How do I control a yacht autopilot?

Yacht autopilots typically have an intuitive user interface, which may include a display unit or touch screen. Through this interface, helmspersons can access autopilot settings, engage or disengage the autopilot, and adjust navigation parameters with ease.

Should I still monitor the yacht autopilot while sailing?

Yes, it is essential to regularly monitor the yacht autopilot while sailing. Despite its advanced capabilities, the helmsperson should be vigilant to ensure the autopilot functions correctly and responds accurately to changing conditions. Additionally, sailors should be prepared to take manual control of the boat in emergency situations or busy waterways.

In conclusion, a yacht autopilot is a sophisticated system that operates on the principles of electronic sensors, precise calculations, and seamless integration with other navigation tools. By receiving data from various sources like GPS, compass, wind sensors, and depth sensors, the autopilot continuously monitors the boat’s position and heading. It processes this information through control algorithms and makes real-time adjustments to the steering mechanism or sails to maintain the desired course.

The key to effective autopilot performance lies in reliable data, accurate calculations, and proper integration with chartplotters, radar, AIS, and other navigation systems. With the help of these integrated technologies, yacht autopilots ensure seamless navigation and heightened safety during voyages.

It is crucial for boaters to familiarize themselves with their yacht’s autopilot system and understand its capabilities. Regular monitoring of the autopilot during navigation is essential to ensure its proper functioning and responsiveness. While the autopilot relieves the helmsperson from constant steering tasks, it is always prudent to be prepared to take manual control, especially in challenging conditions or emergency situations.

As sailors embrace the convenience and precision offered by yacht autopilots, they can confidently rely on this valuable tool to enhance their boating experiences. With the knowledge gained from this explanation, boaters can harness the power of yacht autopilots to navigate the open seas with ease and efficiency, making each sailing adventure an unforgettable and fulfilling journey.

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• Navigating the Seas with Ease: A Comprehensive Guide to Boat Autopilots

Imagine sailing across the open sea, your boat gliding smoothly over the waves while you sit back and enjoy the journey. This is made possible by boat autopilots, an essential tool for modern mariners. But what exactly is a boat autopilot? In simple terms, it's an electronic system that automatically steers your boat, maintaining a set course without constant manual input.

Types of Boat Autopilots

Raymarine autopilots.

Raymarine is a leading brand known for its reliable and innovative autopilots. These systems are designed for various types of boats, from small vessels to large yachts.

• Advanced Navigation : Integrates seamlessly with other navigation systems.
• User-Friendly Interface : Easy to operate, even for those new to boating technology.
• Reliability : Built to withstand harsh marine environments.

Popular models include:

• Raymarine EV-100 : Ideal for smaller boats.
• Raymarine EV-200 : Suitable for mid-sized vessels.
• Raymarine EV-400 : Designed for larger boats and yachts.

Garmin Autopilots

Garmin autopilots are renowned for their advanced features and integration capabilities. They are popular among boaters who seek high performance and ease of use.

• Integration : Works seamlessly with Garmin chartplotters.
• Advanced Steering Algorithms : Ensure precise and efficient course keeping.
• Ease of Use : Intuitive controls and clear displays.
• Garmin Reactor 40 : Suitable for a variety of boats.
• Garmin GHP 20 : A top choice for larger vessels.
• Garmin GHP Compact Reactor : Perfect for smaller boats.

Tiller Pilots

Tiller pilots are specifically designed for smaller boats with tiller steering. They offer a simple yet effective way to maintain course without constant manual input.

• Compact Design : Fits easily on small boats.
• Ease of Use : Simple controls that are easy to understand and operate.
• Durability : Built to last in marine environments.
• Raymarine ST1000+ : Reliable and easy to use.
• Simrad TP10 : Great performance at an affordable price.
• Navico TP32 : Known for its robustness and precision.

Choosing the Right Autopilot for Your Boat

When choosing an autopilot, consider the size and type of your boat, your usual boating conditions, and your budget. Larger boats require more powerful systems, while smaller boats can use compact, less expensive models. Both Raymarine and Garmin offer excellent products, but your choice might depend on the specific features you need, such as integration with other equipment or specific steering algorithms. Autopilot systems can vary widely in price. While it’s tempting to opt for the cheapest option, investing in a reliable system from a reputable brand like Raymarine or Garmin can save money and hassle in the long run.

Benefits of Using Autopilots on Boats

Autopilots enhance safety by allowing you to maintain a steady course while you focus on navigation and monitoring your surroundings. These systems provide precise course keeping, reducing the risk of navigation errors. By taking over the steering, autopilots reduce the physical and mental fatigue that comes with long periods at the helm.

Read our top notch articles on topics such as sailing tips, lifestyle and destinations in our Magazine .

Check out our latest sailing content:

Installation Process

• Plan the Installation : Determine the best location for the control unit and other components.
• Mount the Hardware : Securely mount the control unit, drive unit, and other components.
• Connect the System : Connect the autopilot to the boat's power supply and other systems.
• Calibrate the Autopilot : Follow the manufacturer's instructions to calibrate the system.

Installation can present challenges such as finding the right mounting location or dealing with wiring issues. Consulting the manual and seeking professional help if needed can ensure a successful setup.

Maintenance and Troubleshooting

Regular maintenance includes:

• Inspecting Regularly : Check all components for wear and tear.
• Cleaning Components : Keep the sensors and control unit clean.
• Updating Software : Ensure your autopilot’s software is up to date.

Common issues include calibration errors and connectivity problems. Regular maintenance and following troubleshooting guides can resolve most problems.

Advanced Features in Modern Autopilots

Modern autopilots can integrate with chartplotters, radars, and other marine electronics for a seamless navigation experience. Users can adjust settings to suit their preferences and specific boating conditions. Some systems offer remote control and monitoring capabilities, allowing you to manage your autopilot from anywhere on the boat.

Autopilots for Different Boat Sizes

Large sailboats.

Large sailboats require powerful autopilot systems capable of handling the vessel's size and sailing conditions. Recommended models include Raymarine EV-400 and Garmin GHP 20.

Small Boats and Tiller Pilots

Ensure the system is correctly calibrated and regularly maintained for optimal performance. Suitable models include Raymarine ST1000+ and Simrad TP10.

In conclusion, boat autopilots like those from Raymarine and Garmin offer incredible benefits, from enhanced safety to reduced fatigue. Whether you have a large sailboat or a small tiller-steered vessel, there's an autopilot system that can make your boating experience more enjoyable and stress-free. Investing in a reliable autopilot system can save you time, effort, and enhance your overall boating experience.

So what are you waiting for? Take a look at our range of charter boats and head to some of our favourite  sailing destinations.

I am ready to help you with booking a boat for your dream vacation. Contact me.

Denisa Nguyenová

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My Cruiser Life Magazine

6 Best Sailboat Autopilot Systems

Hand steering a sailboat is so much fun – until it isn’t. In actuality, it’s tiring work that requires more concentration than we can give it for very long. Racing sailboats switch helmspersons regularly, and offshore passagemakers never rely solely on hand steering. In fact, a breakdown of automatic steering is a big problem for a short-handed vessel offshore.

Sailboat autopilot come to our rescue again and again. These crewmembers don’t need sleep, food, or water, and they never complain much. So let’s take a moment to appreciate these wonders of modern technology, and credit them with what they make possible. Here’s a look at the inner workings of Otto the Pilot, including his care and feeding.

Table of Contents

What is a sailboat auto pilot how does it work, what can an autopilot do, what can’t an autopilot do, mechanical windvane, electrical sailboat autopilots, control head, computer, “black box,” or “core pack”, rudder angle sensor, other input sensors, size and displacement of your vessel, types of drive unit, functionality and integration with mfd, small boat tiller pilots, below deck autopilots, sailboat autopilot faqs, navco/b&g, simrad, lowrance.

At the most basic level, the purpose of an autopilot is to steer the boat so you don’t have to. Steering a boat is like steering a car–every bend and curve in even a straight road will set the vehicle on a new course. So while sailing, every wave will wiggle the boat around. What’s more, the boat’s designed-in weather helm tendencies will cause it to want to head up into the wind. So steering a sailboat requires constant attention and work. 

After about 30 minutes, even the best helmsmen will start to waiver. An autopilot relieves you of some of this workload. It allows you to safely stand watch at the helm for hours at a time because you don’t have to worry about every bump, wave, and wind gust blowing you off course.

Do Boats Have Autopilot?

Of course, not every boat has an autopilot. It likely doesn’t need one if the boat is designed for day sailing. Half the fun of day sailing lies in the handling of the boat–the actual sailing part! Having an autopilot might be handy, but it’s hardly a necessity.

But boats that are built to travel for hours, days, or weeks at a time need an autopilot of some sort. There are many types of autopilots out there, even some mechanical ones that require no electricity . They vary in functionality, but their basic purpose is to relieve the helmsperson of some of the work. 

With that in mind, all autopilots can perform some basic functions. No matter how basic they are, they can all hold the boat’s course and points of sale in a relatively straight line. How they accomplish this depends on their complexity and what sort of sensors or inputs the autopilot has to understand the world around it.

Advanced modern autopilots usually have three modes you can select from. They can hold a compass heading, a bearing off of the wind, or hold a GPS course to the next waypoint. 

As amazing as autopilot is and as much work as they can do for us, they have some very big limits. What can’t an autopilot do? It can never replace an able helmsperson exercising good seamanship.

What does that mean? First and foremost, it is the legal responsibility of every vessel operator to maintain a continuous lookout. This is one of the most fundamental regulations in the COLREGS – the international laws set to prevent collisions at sea. 

In other words, only a human standing watch and looking out for hazards can see and avoid those hazards. An autopilot has no sensors to understand the world around it in that way–it can’t see other ships, boats, landmasses, rocks, or markers. So if it’s holding its course and something is ahead of it, it will run right into whatever lies in its way.

Many new sailors want to know if they can sleep while the autopilot drives the boat. The autopilot will certainly keep driving the boat–but it will keep driving it forever–onto the beach, into the side of a container ship, or straight into a metal day beacon.  

Another thing that autopilots don’t know is when to stop. They keep going until the helmsman switches them into “standby” mode. Here’s a horror story that I’ve heard a few times–it’s the middle of the night, and the boat is on autopilot. The skipper needs to pee, so he walks to the stern rail and falls off. His wife awakes two hours later for her watch, only to find an empty boat that’s still steering a perfect course away from her dear darling husband. 

Now, ladies, before you get any ideas, this is supposed to be an illustrative and cautionary tale about autopilots, not marriages.

Types of Autopilot

It’s impossible to understand the role and purpose of modern autopilots without first discussing the tried and true mechanical windvane. 

The windvane is a simple item mounted to the back of the boat. Above the water is a windvane that swings to point into the wind. Through a series of linkages, it is attached to a rudder below the water–either its own rudder or attached to the boat’s rudder.

The skipper uses a line to select the direction off of the wind – using the windvane – that they wish to steer. The windvane then corrects for any changes by moving its rudder left or right. 

The windvane is pretty simple in theory and ultra-reliable. Before the days of solar and wind generators , the fact that they used no electrical power was their biggest selling point. They’re still popular with offshore sailors today, mostly because of their reliability and simplicity. While a lightning strike could take out every electrical component on your boat, it wouldn’t hurt a windvane. 

For all its plusses, the windvane has some limitations. It only works when sailing in steady winds–if you’re trying to hold your course while motoring on a windless day, it won’t do much. They are also large and bulky, mounted on the stern of the boat in a place where most coastal sailors want to have their dinghy or a nice swim step.

Electric autopilots are a technology borrowed from the powerboat world. There’s fundamentally no difference between a sailboat autopilot and one built for a powerboat.  

Above-Deck or Cockpit Autopilots

An above-deck autopilot has all of its components mounted at the helm. It’s a simple and less expensive solution popular with smaller coastal cruising boats. 

For a basic autopilot like this, an electric mechanism will turn your steering wheel or tiller. It works fine on smaller boats and in calm conditions. However, the drive units are not powerful enough to move a big boat or a boat in very rough conditions . These units are commonly called wheel pilot and tiller pilot systems.

Below-Deck or Inboard Autopilot System

The best solution, albeit the more expensive and complicated one, is the below-deck autopilot. The rudder is turned by a series of servo motors or hydraulics below decks.

The biggest advantage of most of these systems is that the autopilot usually has its own attachment to the rudder post. In the event of a steering failure, the autopilot will often still control the boat just fine.

Another advantage is that the autopilot drive motor can be sized correctly for the vessel. Hydraulic rams that produce incredible force can be mounted. These can control any vessel in any sea condition if sized correctly.

Sail Boat Auto Pilot Components

Today’s autopilots are complex electronic systems built of several components that work together to get the job done. Most advanced autopilots consist of the following parts.

• Control head
• Electronic flux-gate compass
• Black box computer or core pack
• Rudder position and other sensors

There must be some controls for the helmsperson to manipulate the helm of the boat . This is usually in the form of an instrument-sized control head that monitors and controls the autopilot system. 

The autopilot computer cannot know the compass course of the boat without having an electronic flux-gate compass. It is usually mounted somewhere in the boat far from other electromechanical systems, like a locker in the stateroom. 

The autopilot’s processor will have a central black box that receives input from its various sensors. It also directly controls the drive motor, telling it when to come on and which direction to steer with how much force.

The drive unit mounts to the rudder post of the boat. It is generally preferred that the drive attach directly to the post so that if anything on the regular steering system breaks, the autopilot will still function. In the case of an above-deck autopilot, the drive unit is usually a simple electric motor or a magnetic servo mounted to the wheel.

There are a few methods of below-deck drive that can be matched to the vessel’s existing steering system. For example, powerboats with outboards often have hydraulic steering installed. In addition, there are autopilot drive systems that you can install in line with this existing system. 

The most common type of drive on sailboats is the linear ram drive. This is a rod that pushes straight in or out. When mounted to an arm on the rudder shaft, it can turn the rudder through its full range of motion.

The ram can be powered by either an electric motor of the sailboat and gears or hydraulics. 

A position sensor is mounted on the rudder shaft to ensure that the autopilot knows the rudder’s angle. It operates an indicator on the control head. But more importantly, it helps calibrate the system to know where the center is and how much deflection is given to each side. 

The complexity of your autopilot is also dependent on how many other electronics are networked into the autopilot computer. Most marine networks now work on the NMEA2000 standard. If that’s the case, and your autopilot talks to your other instruments, you’ll likely get a few extra benefits. 

If you have an electronic wind instrument onboard, your autopilot will be able to hold a true wind angle. This is a great way to run a cruising boat and like using an old-school windvane. 

For example, you might be running a course to your destination and find it sailing downwind . Instead of risking an accidental jibe with your boat , you set up a course with the wind 160 degrees to starboard. The autopilot will hold that wind angle for you, even if the wind shifts slightly. Then, you can determine when, where, and if you need to jibe.

If your autopilot “talks” to your MFD (multi-function display), you can get even more options. If you plot a course directly to a waypoint, your autopilot can track the sailboat on that line using the “Navigation” function. Remember that it won’t know what to do when you get there, so it will likely deactivate itself. It’s just holding that pre set compass course.

Alternatively, you could program an entire route into your GPS. This series of waypoints, all located in safe water, guides you from departure to destination. Most GPS systems will communicate the turns in the route to the autopilot, allowing it to follow that pre-programmed route without you touching it. 

Picking the Best Sailboat Autopilot

Picking an autopilot for your boat is one of those big undertakings that can quickly balloon out of your control. 

Here’s my own experience installing an autopilot from scratch. I share it here not as a how-to guide but as a cautionary tale into exactly how involved a project that this can become. 

Our sailboat came with a home-built above-deck autopilot. It functioned acceptably in calm waters, but its belt drive was easily overpowered in following seas. It was also something of a hassle to activate and deactivate. So in replacing our GPS and other electronics, we knew we wanted to upgrade to something more able to handle offshore weather.

We settled on B&G electronics for our boat. The existing autopilot had a newer Raymarine control head, compass, and computer, which I hoped to reuse. I wanted to get a linear drive unit to mount below decks. 

While I could get a Raymarine linear drive that would communicate with the Raymarine computer I owned, I could not get one big enough for my boat. So a new black box was required. 

I could not find a hydraulic drive unit that would fit the dimensions of our boat. There wasn’t much space near the rudder, and most hydraulic units were big. So I settled for an electric linear drive from Raymarine, but the most powerful one. 

I then discovered there was no easy way to mount the drive unit. My rudder post did not have an arm for it, so I would have to have that built custom. Plus, there were no flat spaces in the compartment nearby where the drive could be bolted on. 

Thankfully I could mount the Raymarine linear drive at any angle. I had to build angled blocks out of solid wood, allowing the drive motor to be mounted on its side and at a 30-degree angle to the rudder post. I then had a custom-made arm built by Edson Marine with a 30-degree offset, a $600 unexpected expense. This strange and complicated arrangement was the only way I could get the drive to give full deflection of the rudder within its designed mounting limits. 

So, what began as a $1,200 project for a new drive unit ballooned into a complete replacement project with all electronics costing over $4,000, plus another $1,000 in miscellaneous parts and modifications. This is for a 38-foot sailboat and doing all the work myself. The project would have easily cost $10,000 or more had I had a boatyard do the labor. 

How did I choose which autopilot would be best? Well, there aren’t actually that many choices. While many companies make hydraulic rams, only Raymarine had electric linear drives. I already had B&G electronics, so it only made sense to buy the same for maximum compatibility. 

In the end, the system works flawlessly, and I am very happy. But it goes in the folder of boat projects I hope never to do again. So, from one sailor to another, my advice is to buy a boat that is already set up the way you like it! Most newer boats come from the factory set-up for a below-deck autopilot, so all you should ever have to do is replace the components.

The most important factor in choosing your autopilot is to size it correctly according to the boat’s displacement. This will ensure that the unit has enough power to move the rudder when it’s underway. The force needed to move the rudder is proportional to the size of the rudder and the speed at which the vessel is moving. 

For whatever type of drive unit you choose, you will be given some operating limits of what it can and cannot do. For example, Raymarine makes three versions of their mechanical linear drive. Type 1 is for boats up to 24,000 lbs, Type 2S for up to 33,000 lbs, and Type 2L for vessels up to 44,000 lbs. The arms have a stroke of 12 (S model) or 16 (L model) inches, which must accommodate the movement of your rudder from stop to stop. Finally, the physical dimensions of the drive need to fit in the space provided.

Raymarine makes about the most complete line of autopilot drives on the market today. Currently, Raymarine has five types.

• Hydraulic pumps for hydraulic steering 
• Hydraulic linear arms
• Mechanical linear arms
• Mechanical rotary motors for chain and sprocket drives
• Sterndrive actuators for boats with power-assisted steering

The drive unit you choose will be part of your overall system design. It depends on how your steering system works and how and where you’re going to plug in the autopilot drive.

If you’re installing new electronics with your autopilot, getting a unit that matches the rest of your navigation technology makes sense. If you have Garmin, stick with Garmin; likewise, Raymarine or B&G. All make good products. The benefits of having them work together flawlessly are greater than any benefit you’ll get from mixing and matching different brands.

For example, my B&G autopilot allows me to control the autopilot directly from my MFD instead of having a separate control head. This saved me some money and space at the helm since a control head would be another $500 and another instrument face to mount. It also means that I can use the big touch screen and menu system to set up the autopilot and calibrate it.

Sailboat Autopilot Reviews

When shopping for an autopilot, you may find it difficult to shop online. More often than not, suppliers will have one component you need but not another. No one keeps all of these parts in stock and available for immediate shipment. You’ll wind up piecing together your autopilot system with parts from several sources. 

More often than not, what owners need is to replace one component. For example, maybe the drive unit went bad, or their control head display died. In these cases, simply replace the same part number from whoever has the part.

If you’re replacing the entire system or all of your electronics, it may be easiest to work directly through the manufacturer or their local distributor. However, if you’re willing to shop around, you might be able to find kits and individual components through Amazon, West Marine, Defender, or other marine stores. 

Simrad TP10 Tillerpilot

The TP10 is an entry-level, easy-to-use autopilot built for boats with tillers up to 32 feet long. It mounts simply in the cockpit and has easy controls. Best of all, it’s waterproof.

• Simrad TP10 Tiller Pilot

Prices pulled from the Amazon Product Advertising API on:

Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on [relevant Amazon Site(s), as applicable] at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.

Raymarine ST2000 Plus Tiller Pilot

Raymarine makes a similar line of tiller pilots. This model, A12005, is for vessels weighing up to 10,000 pounds. 

• Add custom text here

Raymarine Pilot EV-400 Autopilot (No Drive Included)

For below-deck mounted systems, Raymarine makes two levels of the computer system–the EV-200 or EV-400. This is the 400, which is big boat approved and will drive their largest Type 3 mechanical or hydraulic drives. Match the correct drive unit to the size and configuration of your vessel. 

This kit also comes with the P70R, a rotary dialed controller for the helmsperson. The knob is a great feature that makes turning the boat in small increments a lot easier. 

• Precision monitoring of heading, pitch, roll, and yaw allowing the Autopilot to Evolve Instantly as Sea conditions and vessel dynamics change

Garmin Reactor 40 Corepack for Mechanical or Retrofit Autopilots

Garmin autopilot systems are based around the Reactor 40 “core pack.” Unfortunately, most of Garmin’s autopilot kits available online are designed for modern boats or those with hydraulic steerings systems. To piece together a kit for a classic sailboat with cable or Edson steering, start with this retrofit core pack directly from Garmin.

This kit includes: 

• Course computer unit
• GHC20 control head
• Electronic control unit (ECU)
• Cables and NMEA2000 connectors

B&G (Simrad) NAC-3 Core Pack and Compass

This kit includes the main computer for the Simrad family of autopilots. You can couple this with any type of drive unit. All controls for the autopilot are accomplished through the B&G Zeus or Vulcan multi-function display. If you want a dedicated control panel, they sell that as well. You may also need a rudder position sensor to make the system work.

Furuno NAVPILOT300

This is an all-in-one solution that requires fewer parts. You’ll still need a drive unit and a heading sensor to make a complete system. 

Top Brands of Sailboat Auto Pilot

As mentioned above, the big names in sailboat instruments all offer autopilot packages. If you’re only replacing the autopilot electronics, keeping everything the same brand makes sense. However, if you’re replacing everything, you have bigger choices to make. 

Garmin applies the lessons they learned by making several generations of aircraft autopilots. Their systems integrate much more than a simple flux-gate compass–their autopilots are built with a full-fledged AHRS (Attitude Heading Reference System).

Using this Autopilot Compatibility Guide , you can figure out which Garmin autopilot is right for you.

Navco is the parent company of three different electronics brands–B&G, Simrad, and Lowrance. That’s a perk because you can mix and match components between the three names at will. B&G is the favored brand for sailboats. The B&G NAC-2 and NAC-3 autopilot computers are the basic start for the typical cruising yacht. High-end racers and luxury boats will want to look into the fancier H5000 autopilot system. 

Simrad sells a line of basic tiller pilots for above-deck autopilot installs on small boats.

Raymarine is one of the older and most trusted brands in marine electronics. Their autopilots are robust and come in any arrangement you like. In addition, they have one of the only above-deck wheel-drive autopilot systems on the market, the EV-100 SAIL. They also have tiller pilots and a complete lineup of below-deck options.

Furuno is an underdog in the recreational marine industry – favored by professionals but often overlooked by the private boat owner. Their autopilot NAVPILOT offerings are adaptive controllers designed to make boat handling easier. Most are designed for outboard hydraulic-steer fishing boats, but their control heads and computers will work with almost any type of setup.

How much does a sailboat autopilot cost?

The cost and complexity of an autopilot system depend on the size of the boat. Small tiller-steered daysailors can usually at a tiller pilot for less than $1000. 

A below-deck autopilot, with all of the components to make it work with your multi-function display, will set most owners back $4,000 or $6,000. In addition, if the boat does not already have a below-deck autopilot, there may be quite a bit of labor necessary to build platforms or brackets to adapt the drive unit to the rudder post.

Do sailing yachts have autopilot?

Yes, most sailboats larger than daysailers have autopilots. These vary in complexity from mechanical windvanes to extensive electronic systems that tie into the boat’s GPS and multi-function displays.

Can you sleep while your boat is on autopilot?

A good autopilot will steer a boat for you, on a constant heading or wind angle, through nearly any conditions. However, it cannot ensure that you don’t hit anything–like another vessel. It is illegal to operate a vessel without a “proper look-out by sight and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate…to make a full appraisal of the situation and or the risk of collision” (COLREGS Rule 5).

Matt has been boating around Florida for over 25 years in everything from small powerboats to large cruising catamarans. He currently lives aboard a 38-foot Cabo Rico sailboat with his wife Lucy and adventure dog Chelsea. Together, they cruise between winters in The Bahamas and summers in the Chesapeake Bay.

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7 Best Sailboat Autopilot Systems

Last Updated by

Daniel Wade

June 15, 2022

Essential in increasing efficiency, safety, and convenience, marine autopilots are a sailor's best friend when out there on the water. A properly operating sailboat autopilot will keep your sailboat on a selected course even in strong currents and winds and that why you need to go for the best sailboat autopilot.

Steering a sailboat is always fun. And even though many sailors are so good at it, some circumstances can make steering a boat on a straight line or the right course almost impossible. The tides, winds, and the complex hull-bottom designs can throw your sailboat off route and the adjustments that you have to make to return to course can be your voyage killers. Even if you have a crew that regularly sails with you, having an autopilot can help you stay on course and that's exactly why you need the best sailboat autopilot.

In the simplest term possible, an autopilot is an extra pair of hands that can help you in steering your sailboat on the right course. It is a self-steering device for powerboats or sailboats and even the most basic autopilot can help in holding your vessel on a pre-set compass course. Some advanced autopilots can even gather data from your boat and determine whether or not the boat is capable of handling the task in hand.

So whether you have a mechanically-steered boat or a tiller-steered sailboat, an autopilot is of great importance for both you and your boat. And it doesn't matter whether you want to explore your nearest lake for a day or want to sail to the Caribbean on your sailboat, it will make your job a lot easier, efficient, and safer. This is why we've put together this article to help you find the best sailboat autopilot. Read on and find which is best for you and your sailboat.

Table of contents

How to Choose the Best Sailboat Autopilot for Your Vessel

When it comes to choosing the best sailboat autopilot for your vessel, the easiest thing to do would be to go for an autopilot that can steer your sailboat in calm seas. However, this is not advisable since you want an autopilot that works perfectly under very demanding sea conditions. With that in mind, here are the most important things to consider when looking at the best sailboat autopilot for you. 

Speed of Helm Adjustment

The best way to measure the speed on an autopilot that's appropriate for your boat is by looking at the number of degrees per second of helm correction. As such a 40-feet boat requires 10 degrees per second, a 25-feet boat requires 15 degrees per second, and a 70-feet boat requires 5 degrees per second. 

An above-deck or below-deck Autopilot

Do you want an autopilot that's designed to be used above the deck or below the deck? Well, the most important thing is to choose an autopilot that matches the displacement of your boat. More importantly, above-deck autopilots are ideal if you have a smaller boat while below-deck autopilot is ideal if you have a larger boat.

The Steering System

What type of steering system does your boat have? It's important to understand whether your boat has rotary drives, linear drive, or hydraulic drives. 

Control Interfaces

You should choose what's perfect for you as far as the control interface is concerned because this is one of the most crucial parts of an autopilot. The best features to consider include ease of use, waterproof, intuitive display, backlit options, and compatibility with SimNet, SeaTalk, and NMEA 2000.

7 Best Sailboat Autopilots

Here are the 7 best sailboat autopilots.

Raymarine ST1000 Plus Tiller Pilot

(Best for Tiller-steered Sailboats)

The Raymarine ST100 Plus Tiller Pilot is a classic tiller pilot that's one of the best accessories for your sailboat and your everyday sailing escapades. It's designed in such a way that it can accept NMEA data while still offering accurate navigation thanks to its incredibly intelligent software.

This autopilot is designed with a backlit LCD to help you see your navigational data, locked course, and other important information that can make your sailing safer and much better. The fact that the backlit LCD works perfectly in low-light conditions is an added plus.

That's not all; the ST1000 comes with an AutoTack feature that works like an extra hand when you're engaged in other responsibilities. For example, it can tack the sailboat for you when you adjust the sails. Better still, this autopilot is fully-fitted with everything that you need to install it on your sailboat and use it.

• ‍ It's easy to use thanks to the simple six-button keypad
• It's perfect when sailing in the calm sea as well as in stormy conditions
• It is waterproof so you don't have to worry about it getting damaged
• Its intelligent software minimizes battery usage thereby prolonging its battery life
• Perfect for tiller-steered sailboats
• ‍ The 2-year warranty could be improved
• It's a bit heavier

Garmin Ghc 20 Marine Autopilot Helm Control

(Best for Night Sailing)

If you're planning to go on a voyage, chances are you'll find yourself sailing overnight. With that in mind, you should go for an autopilot that works perfectly both during the day and at night. The Garmin Ghc 20 Marine Autopilot Helm Control is your best sailboat autopilot for these types of adventure.

This amazing autopilot is designed with a 4-inch display that can improve your nighttime readability. This display is glass-bonded and comes with an anti-glare lens that is essential in preventing fog and glare in sunny conditions. This is crucial in helping you maintain control in all conditions, both during the day and at night.

This autopilot also provides a 170-degree viewing angle. This is essential in viewing the display at almost any angle. So whether you're adjusting the sails up on the deck or grabbing an extra sheet below the deck, you can be able to look at the display and see what's going on. So whether a sailing vessel or a powerboat, this autopilot is easy to use thanks to its five-button control. 

• ‍ The five-button control makes it easy to use
• Comes with a bright 4-inch display
• The display works in all conditions thanks to its glass-bonded, anti-glare lens
• The display offers optimal view both during the day and at night
• It's compatible with other Garmin products
• ‍ Only good for sailboat under 40 feet in length
• The battery life should be improved

Simrad TP10 Tillerpilot

(Best for 32-feet or less Sailboat)

For many lone sailors, going with a sailboat that measures 32-feet or less in length is always ideal. Under such scenarios, it's always best to go with a sailboat autopilot that's perfect for such types of boats, and the Simrad TP10 Tillerpilot can be a superb option for you. This autopilot is so perfect as it brings to the table a combination of advanced technological software and simplicity.

Its five-button display makes it user-friendly, easy to use, and perfect in controlling your sailboat accordingly. This autopilot has a low-power draw, which means that your battery will last longer even when used for prolonged periods. This is an excellent autopilot that's designed with the sailor in mind as it goes about its business quietly so that you can enjoy your sailing adventures without noise and interruption from a humming autopilot.

• ‍ One of the quietest sailboat autopilots
• The battery life is excellent
• It's designed with one of the most advanced software
• It's waterproof to protect it from spray and elements
• It offers precision steering and reading in all types of weather conditions
• It's easy to use and control
• ‍ Not ideal for big boats

Raymarine M81131 12 Volt Type 2 Autopilot Linear Drive

(Best for Seasonal Cruising)

For those of us who love cruising during winter when other sailors are drinking hot coffee from the comfort of their abodes, the Raymarine M81131 is the right sailboat autopilot for you. Well, this autopilot can be an ideal option if your sailboat is large enough to have a full motor system.

This autopilot is one of the most powerful in the marine industry and has an incredible electromagnetic fail-safe clutch. This autopilot is also compatible with other devices such as NMEA 2000 ABD SeaTalk navigation data. In terms of precision navigation, this autopilot will never disappoint you in any weather condition.

So whether you're looking to go ice-fishing or sailing the oceans during winter, this is your go-to autopilot.

• ‍ Offers optimal sailing experience and navigation precision
• It's very quiet
• It offers high performance with minimal battery usage
• It's great for adverse winter conditions 
• ‍ It's expensive

Furuno Navpilot 711C Autopilot System

(Best for Accuracy)

If you're looking for the best sailboat autopilot that will take your navigation to the next level in terms of accuracy, look no further than the Furuno Navpilot 711C. This is an autopilot that enhances your boat's precision as far as staying on course is concerned. This is because the autopilot is designed with a self-learning software program that offers step by step calculations of your navigation and course.

This autopilot also offers real-time dynamic adjustments so that you can steer your sailboat more accurately. Thanks to this self-learning algorithm also offers great power application that significantly reduces the manual helm effort when maneuvering various situations. Its colored graphic display is of great benefit as you can easily read the information even in low-light conditions. So it doesn't matter whether you're sailing at night or during the day, this autopilot will serve you right in any condition. 

• ‍ It's great for power and fuel efficiency
• The display is intuitive
• It's easy to set up and use
• Its power assist is essential in reducing steering system complexity
• Great for both outboard and inboard motors
• ‍ Quite expensive

Si-Tex SP120 Autopilot with Virtual Feedback

(The Most Affordable Autopilot)

If you're on a budget and looking for one of the most affordable yet reliable sailboat autopilots, look no further than the Si-Tex SP120 Autopilot. This is a perfect high-performance sailboat autopilot that can be great for small to medium-sized powerboats and sailboats.

One of the most important features that this autopilot brings to the table is the ability to offer virtual feedback. This is great in eliminating the manual rudder feedback and thereby enhances your sailboat's performance. Its splash-proof 4.3-inch LCD offers one of the best transflective displays in the marine industry. The 4-button operation makes it a lot easier to use and provides the information you need to steer your sailboat safely and perfectly.

This autopilot can be great for you if you have a small or medium-sized sailboat thanks to its ease of use. The fact that it's one of the most affordable sailboat autopilots makes it highly popular with sailors who are on a budget.

• ‍ It's simple to install and use
• The virtual feedback is great
• The display is one of the best in the game
• It's quite affordable
• ‍ It's not ideal for big boats

Garmin Reactor 40 Kicker Autopilot

(Best for Outboard Motor Boats)

If you have a motorboat that has a single-engine outboard, The Garmin Reactor 40 Kicker Autopilot can be an ideal option. This is a great autopilot that mitigates heading error and unnecessary rudder movement while offering more flexible mounting, which is essential in offering a more comfortable sailing even in the roughest of weather conditions.

This autopilot can be easily fine-tuned thanks to its throttle settings with a touch of a button. Of course, this can be useful especially when the seas are rough and you're trying to remain on course. This autopilot is also waterproof to ensure that it doesn't get damaged with spray or other elements.

With this autopilot, you're guaranteed to enjoy an awesome sailing trip even when going against the wind or when sailing in rough conditions. 

• ‍ Easy to install and use
• It's waterproof
• It's beautifully designed
• It comes with a floating handheld remote control
• It's great for maintaining heading hold and route.
• ‍ It's only ideal for motorboats with up to 20 horsepower
• It's relatively expensive

As you can see, there are plenty of options when it comes to choosing an ideal sailboat autopilot for you. The best thing about the above-described sailboat autopilots is that they're among the best and you can find one that perfectly suits your unique needs and boats. Of course, most of them are quite expensive but they will advance the way you sail and make your sailing adventures even more enjoyable. We hope that you'll find the perfect sailboat autopilot for you.

Until next time, happy sailing!

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• Boating Safety
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• Autopilot Systems on Boats

• 5 years, 8 months ago

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Autopilot technology is advantageous for boaters in many ways, including convenience, voyage efficiency, fuel savings, and safety. But what are autopilots, and how do they work?

What are Boat Autopilot Systems

An autopilot is a combination of electric or electronic navigation tools that steer a vessel without continual hands-on involvement. Autopilots allow short- or single-handed sailors and boaters to leave the helm to trim or rig sails, adjust lines, set anchor, eat without interruption, take short naps, or other activities while not at the helm.

Autopilots have been used on commercial, sail, and power vessels for over a century, in various forms, making navigation safer and more convenient. Mariners have called autopilots by nicknames, like “Iron Mike,” “Otto,” or “the silent crew.” Autopilots for smaller vessels are generally priced below $1,000, with limited features. Below-deck units for larger boats that perform complex functions can cost upwards of $3,000.

How Boat Autopilots Work 

Autopilots work much like cruise control on a vehicle, except that manual control of the tiller or steering wheel is not needed: After the vessel is steadied on a desired heading for a few seconds, an “Auto” button is pushed and the autopilot takes over. The computer remembers the heading and adjusts rudder position to keep the vessel on the selected course, even in high winds, strong currents, or over/under steering situations. 

Autopilots generally consist of three main components: a course computer (also called a central processing unit) that contains a compass, a drive unit that applies force to move the rudder, and a control unit.

Different Types of Boat Autopilot Systems

Autopilots come in a variety of arrangements, dictated by vessel length, displacement and steering type, including above-deck units and below-deck units, described below. An older type, a wind vane, transfers wind energy from a vertical air paddle to a trim tab or water paddle affixed to the rudder. Wind vanes have mostly disappeared, replaced by modern autopilots.

Above-Deck Tiller and Wheel Autopilots

Above-deck autopilots are common on smaller sailing and power vessels (generally 40 feet and under) with tillers or steering wheels. The equipment is easy to operate, inexpensive, uses simple electric connections, and is energy efficient. The variety of available small boat autopilots makes them affordable, even for the occasional boater.

Most tiller autopilots use an electric ram mounted between the tiller and a gunwale fitting to control the rudder. The computer sends a signal to the ram to move the tiller, which adjusts the rudder to stay on course. Depending on configuration, some units connect directly to the top of the rudder.

The other type of above-deck autopilot is used on boats with steering wheels. The autopilot connects directly to the boat’s wheel drive with a belt or toothed gears to move the wheel, powered by a small motor.

Below-Deck Autopilots

Below-deck autopilots are best for sail and powerboats over 40 feet. They are more powerful, able to perform a wider range of functions, and provide better steering for long distance cruising, but also use more electricity and require exacting installation. The three below-deck autopilot components are described below: 

• Course Computer : The autopilot possesses course headings and other data. The computer usually contains the most critical component, the fluxgate compass. Compass: The device that generates vessel headings, usually a fluxgate type. The fluxgate provides a stable, long-term directional reference and works with a rate gyro compass. Boaters should know how these compasses function:  
• Fluxgate Compass : Uses electronics to generate course headings and communicates with the rate gyro compass. Fluxgate compass data can be interfaced with chart plotters, GPS, and radar.
• Rate Gyro Compass : Indicates angular change relative to a course heading over short periods, not direction. Used to control pitch-and-roll movement, the rate gyro provides fast, accurate data and corrects fluxgate compass errors.
• The magnetic compass, which uses the earth’s magnetic pull to establish the north direction, serves as a reference for comparison to autopilot data. 
• Linear : The most common type on sailboats which moves the rudder directly from the tiller arm or rudder using electricity.
• Rotary : Used on chain and cable steering (wheeled) systems that may use sprockets ranging from 13 to 25 teeth.
• Hydraulic : For boats with hydraulic steering systems. The drive unit must match the size of the existing hydraulic ram. 
• Control Unit : The interface between the helmsman and autopilot, usually with an LED display on a control panel with knobs, joysticks, or buttons.

Autopilot Advantages

Autopilots provide several advantages to sailors and boaters:   

• Save fuel by reducing cruising time, particularly on vessels with a GPS interface. Have an infinite attention span and do not tire. Helpful when sail or power boating with a short- or single-handed crew.
• For anglers, pre-programmed trolling patterns can make fishing more productive.
• Many models are “self learning,” meaning they remember helm positions needed to hold a course and prevent over/under steering.
• An autopilot’s ability to hold a steady course without a helmsman has made them almost standard equipment on larger sail and powerboats. 

Disadvantages of Autopilots

There are some disadvantages to autopilots: 

• If autopilot components need repair, recalibration, or replacement during a voyage, getting service, especially in foreign ports, may be difficult.
• Heavy weather can affect how quickly an autopilot responds with helm corrections and works harder at maintaining headings in adverse conditions, which can strain the electrical system.
• Water intrusion and corrosion in the computer, drive motor components and wired connections can cause an autopilot to fail or generate faulty data.
• Even for short periods, an unattended helm without an engaged autopilot can put the boat off course and create potentially dangerous or unsafe situations.
• The electric power needed to operate an autopilot during rough weather and heavy use can be high and sudden energy spikes can cause the unit to fail or generate faulty data.

When an Autopilot Should Not Be Used

In some conditions, navigating a vessel with an engaged autopilot can create potentially dangerous conditions. For example, if underway on waterways with heavy vessel traffic, known underwater hazards or shallow water or areas where crab pots are deployed are two situations when the helm should be manned. The autopilot should not be engaged while docking or maneuvering in close-quarters. 

Tips for Safe Autopilot Use

• Brief all crewmembers on how to engage/disengage the autopilot.
• Constant awareness 360 degrees around a vessel is critical, even with an engaged autopilot.
• Should an autopilot fail or generate suspect data, immediately disengage the unit, check the magnetic compass and adjust as needed.  
• Most autopilot hardware is waterproof, but should be cleaned after a voyage. Below-deck units should be mounted in a dry, well-ventilated area, as they generate considerable heat.
• The speed at which an autopilot makes course corrections can be a safety issue. Speed is gauged by the amount of heading change (in degrees) per second as the helm is moved.  
• The drive unit should have a dedicated breaker connected directly to the vessel’s main electric panel.
• To check autopilot heading accuracy, “swing the compass,” which is slowly turning the boat in a circle while the computer makes corrections.

Marine autopilots utilize innovations in aviation and land transportation as add-on features or standard equipment, such as:   

• One-touch buttons that allow course locking and/or GPS waypoint tracking.
• Rudder angle indicators that show where the rudder is pointed; the units can also indicate how fast the rudder reacts to helm commands.  
• Radar and chartplotters that detect close-aboard obstructions or vessels. If a threat exists, an alarm sounds and the boat is automatically steered to a safe heading.
• Remote controls that allow adjustments away from the helm, with ranges up to 40 feet.
• Small, LED screen “repeaters” that relay course headings from the computer and mounted in bunk areas or the galley.
• Sensors indicating when a vessel is about to surf. The computer senses when the boat is at the bottom of a wave and steers to the next set of waves.
• Programs that follow underwater depth contours, especially useful to anglers. 
• Small transmitters worn by the crew. If a crewmember goes overboard, the computer steers the vessel into a stall so the man overboard can be retrieved.

Installed and calibrated correctly and utilized as intended, autopilots of any size and type can enhance enjoyment, efficiency, and safety during a voyage. 

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How to get the most from your boat autopilot

• Rupert Holmes
• September 29, 2021

Rupert Holmes looks at how to set up your boat autopilot so it will steer better than you can

Rupert and his partner Kass Schmitt have sailed tens of thousands of miles shorthanded or solo on 36ft zest, relying heavily on the boat autopilot. Credit: Rupert Holmes

Rupert Holmes has sailed over 80,000 miles, including from New Zealand to Uruguay via Cape Horn and racing around Britain

Installing a decent boat autopilot makes a huge contribution to comfort when cruising and passage making.

Yet for many of us the idea of being able to rely heavily on a boat autopilot in testing conditions remains a distant utopia.

However, the basic technology that enables pilots to steer accurately in challenging situations has been reasonably affordable for more than 15 years.

Equally, if your boat has an older and lower-spec system there’s often much that can be done to improve its performance.

The short-handed offshore racing community has been at the forefront of pushing development and understanding in this area for many years.

We drive our boats extremely hard, often sailing 3-5,000 miles each season, and therefore discover issues that may not otherwise come to light.

As well as getting the boat autopilot settings right, don’t forget to balance your sail plan and trim as conditions change to aid course-holding. Credit: Rupert Holmes

There are plenty of examples of very successful skippers who use their pilots almost all the time, irrespective of wind strength, wind angle, or sea state.

Among them is Pierrick Penven, whose well-travelled Jeanneau Sun Fast 3200 Zephyrin has an enviable track record.

This includes victory in the solo division of the 4,000-mile Transquadra race from St Nazaire to Martinique, which he followed with three months of family cruising in the Caribbean .

He also won both legs of the 2019 Azores and Back race, well ahead of even the best double-handed boats on corrected time.

After the AZAB Penven told me he had used the boat autopilot, ‘99.9% of the time.’

This included blasting downwind at speeds above 15 knots in 40 knot gusts in the newly formed Storm Miguel that wreaked havoc on the Atlantic coast of France a couple of days later.

In most cases, adjusting settings for your boat autopilot requires scrolling through menus, so laminate the relevant pages of the manual as an aide memoire

Yet Penven said he only took the helm during the race ‘to have a break and a bit of fun.’ Yet his French NKE pilot, while good by the standards of many, is by no means the latest generation system.

So what’s the secret to being able to rely so heavily on a boat autopilot, even in extreme conditions?

Whatever the system, the starting point is the same: proper set up, followed by time spent learning optimal settings for different conditions.

It’s easy to think there is no need for cruisers to bother with this kind of tweaking, but that’s far from the case.

A boat autopilot that steers a more accurate course will result in a more comfortable motion in testing weather and will consume less electricity.

It’s also hugely reassuring to know your boat autopilot will cope with any conditions, whereas if someone needs to helm all the time in bad weather it quickly becomes tiring, especially with family or small crews.

Continues below…

Autopilot Buyers Guide for sailing yachts

There’s a bewildering array of options available for pilot systems, Rupert Holmes explains how to choose a suitable autopilot system…

Tech that will change your cruising

It's a bold claim that tech can change how we sail, but there are areas where marine equipment really is…

Offshore sailing skills: All you need to know

Will Bruton finds out what coastal cruisers should consider before taking their small yacht on an offshore adventure

Windvane steering: why it makes sense for coastal cruising

No electricity needed and built for gale-force conditions; windvane self-steering makes sense for coastal cruisers as much as 
offshore voyagers.

Before he took over as CEO of the Navico marine electronics group, Volvo Ocean Race winner Knut Frostad completed an 18-month Atlantic cruise with his young family on their Outremer 5X.

While he relied heavily on his boat autopilot, the 60 or so cruisers he interviewed often told him that their pilots struggled in strong winds .

They also revealed that many owners never change their pilots from their factory settings, so the boat autopilot can’t be relied on in critical manoeuvres like reefing or in boisterous conditions.

Even the best pilots in the world can zig-zag if not set up properly, according to Frostad.

Equally, Zest , my partner’s 36ft Rob Humphreys one-off, has been steered by a mid-2000s era Simrad/B&G system for much of the 26,000 miles the boat has covered since 2013.

Although it’s a relatively simple and low-cost system by today’s standards, during that time it has coped with the full gamut of conditions, including beating under storm jib and trysail against a full gale in the Western Approaches and many thousands of miles surfing Atlantic waves at speeds well into double figures.

There’s no single magic bullet to getting the best from a boat autopilot, though several guiding principles apply almost universally.

A range of brands offer boat autopilot systems including the ruggedly built Pelagic autopilot range

For a start, proper initial set up, including accurate calibration, are essential. A well-balanced sail plan and good sail trim remain as important as in the days that windvane systems were our only option for automated steering.

If the boat is set up so that a skilled human has issues keeping the boat on course, then a pilot will also struggle.

Understanding the pros and cons of different boat autopilot systems is key to being able to tweak settings and to get the best from each generation of system.

The first pilots for smaller sailing boats in the 1970s and early 1980s were impressive devices at the time.

However, they had the most rudimentary of sensors and minimal computing power, though many are still in use.

A big step forward came with the availability of reasonably affordable rate-sensing or gyro compasses. Unlike a basic fluxgate compass these can measure the rate at which a boat is turning.

The pilot computer can use this data to determine how much rudder angle is needed to correct the course – and how quickly it needs to be applied.

It’s like the difference between a novice helm attempting to steer by focussing solely on the compass and an experienced sailor who looks ahead most of the time and therefore is constantly in tune with the boat’s rate of turn.

Another important feature is the rudder angle sensor.

If the pilot knows both the rate of turn and the angle of the helm it can make a better estimate of how long to apply a course correction before moving the rudder back towards the centre.

Lack of a rudder angle sensor is a key reason why most standard tiller pilots, and externally mounted wheel pilots, can’t perform as well as a permanently mounted below-deck system.

Another leap came in the early 2010s with nine-axis sensors. These have a compass with heel, pitch and yaw sensors.

If heel angle increases, or the stern starts to lift when sailing downwind, the boat autopilot knows the boat will tend to luff up.

It therefore responds before the compass course has changed.

Elements of the boat autopilot system

• Compass or 9-axis sensor
• Optional: rudder angle sensor
• Optional: interface with other electronics, including wind data

In some cases, notably all-in-one tiller pilots, the motor, computer and compass are all contained within the single unit.

Even so, most of these units, especially more recent models, can also be networked with other elements of the boat’s electronics.

The course computer calculates exactly when, and how quickly, the rudder needs to move, as well as how much helm angle is needed.

It also figures out when to return the rudder towards a neutral position to avoid over correcting.

Gyro compasses are better than fluxgate compasses, but nine-axis sensors now measure more parameters, including heel angle, pitch and yaw that can help the course computer to calculate optimal helm movements.

In addition, if the system knows what angle the rudder is currently at, the computer can more accurately calculate how large a course correction is needed – and can apply exactly the right amount of rudder angle.

A properly calibrated rudder angle sensor is therefore an important element and markedly improves course keeping.

Properly calibrated wind data allows accurate steering when sailing close-hauled, close reaching with a Code 0 or asymmetric spinnaker , and when sailing downwind .

It’s worth noting that some autopilots and control units include proprietary software, so they need to be set up with the same brand of control unit and pilot computer, even if they are all NMEA 2000 capable.

Improving boat autopilot course-keeping

Most pilots in use today have user-adjustable parameters to improve course-keeping in different conditions.

These effectively tweak the algorithm that decides how big a rudder movement is needed to get the boat back on course and how long that helm angle can be applied without risk of over-correcting.

Sailing upwind in light airs clearly requires a different helming style to broad reaching in a stiff breeze .

This is why we need to understand how to adjust parameters like Gain, Counter Rudder and Auto Trim.

1. Understanding Gain

To really trust your boat autopilot, you need to know it will react appropriately for the conditions. Credit: Rupert Holmes

Gain controls the amount of rudder angle used and how quickly it’s applied. If the gain is set too low the boat will take too long to return to the desired course.

On the other hand, if gain is too high, the boat will overshoot and yaw each side of the set course.

This was a common problem with early pilots where gain was often the only parameter that could be adjusted.

2. Counter Gain

In boisterous conditions, you’ll need the boat autopilot to centre the rudder quickly after a correction. Credit: Graham Snook

The Counter Rudder (sometimes called Counter Gain) setting adjusts how long a helm correction will to be applied for.

In a quartering sea, for instance, a fast initial response is required to prevent the boat screwing up into the wind.

But then the helm needs to be centred quickly so the boat doesn’t bear away too far.

Increasing Counter Rudder does this – it doesn’t impede the initial quick movement of the rudder when gain is set relatively high, but the helm will centre more rapidly

3. Auto Trim

Modern pilots can learn how best to keep a boat on course. You can tell it how quickly to learn and adapt. Credit: Rupert Holmes

Auto Trim (or Auto Learn) determines the speed at which the system learns how much weather helm needs to be applied.

If the boat autopilot appears to take a long time to apply an appropriate amount of weather helm when conditions change, then a lower figure is needed.

However, if it initially oscillates between too much and too little weather helm, Auto Trim needs to be increased.

As a starting point with B&G or older Simrad systems try the vessel’s LOA in feet.

Gain is likely to account for 70-80 per cent of all adjustments needed, though Counter Rudder may need tweaking in tandem with big changes to gain.

Once you find the right Auto Trim setting for your boat it’s not likely to need a lot of adjustment.

4. Compass or wind mode?

Choosing wind mode may let your boat steer more like a human helm would. Credit: Rupert Holmes

For boats with wind data interfaced to their pilots the rules for whether to use compass or wind mode depend on the point of sail.

When upwind, or close reaching with a Code 0 or asymmetric spinnaker, steering to the apparent wind angle is best.

Even then don’t expect the boat to sail as close as when you’re helming, bear away a few degrees and set the sails with a little more twist to give a wider groove.

A compass course will invariably be most efficient when reaching. Once the wind is well aft, however, changing to true wind mode will give best results.

Sailing under spinnaker solo becomes enjoyable if you trust your boat autopilot. Credit: Rupert Holmes

None of the concepts required to tune a boat autopilot are intrinsically difficult when considered individually.

However, collectively they can amount to a lot to think about at times when attention may need to be focussed on other matters.

NKE has a neat solution – users enter a matrix of pre-set parameters that can subsequently be dialled in at the press of a button, much like the tuning of an old-school car radio.

The matrix covers nine different conditions: beating, reaching and running in light, medium and heavy winds. Therefore it’s easy to select the correct mode for your boat.

Successful short-handed racers will then fine-tune a little more, but for cruising purposes this is rarely necessary.

Alternatively Raymarine’s Evolution or Garmin’s Reactor pilots may appeal.

Many solo racers use the NKE system for the level of control it gives them. Credit: Paul Wyeth

These are designed to be used without the need for settings to be changed thanks to algorithms that quickly learn different conditions. However, both still require proper initial set up and calibration.

The Raymarine units have no user-adjustable parameters outside of three different modes: Performance, Cruising and Leisure.

These are analogous to the sport, manual and eco modes of many automatic cars that allow you to adapt the system’s response, without having to change gear yourself.

Even on a cruising yacht you may still want to switch to Performance mode when sailing downwind in strong breezes – this will increase the pilot response in a similar way to stepping up the Gain and Counter Rudder values of other systems.

The premise of Garmin’s Reactor series is also that users won’t need to change settings as a matter of course.

However, the values for Gain, Counter Gain and Auto Learn are available in the Dealer Commissioning pages of the menu system and can therefore be tweaked if necessary.

A pilot remote can be useful when going forward. Credit: Paul Wyeth

Until a few years ago all systems required the user to change settings to get the best from the unit in different conditions, although some have a degree of automatic switching between different modes.

Zest ’s Simrad N42 pilot computer, a model that was widely sold for more than a decade until around 2014, allows different sets of parameters to be saved for low boat speeds and running (when bigger helm movements are needed) and when beating or reaching at higher speeds (when smaller helm movements are necessary).

Even so, further fine-tuning is needed to cope efficiently with different wind strengths and sea states. It’s therefore worth noting settings that result in good course-keeping in different conditions.

I tend to keep in mind NKE’s simple grid of different points of sail and wind strengths.

Gradually filling this in over time and refining the numbers will provide a good set of data to ensure even older pilots can be made to steer the best possible course possible in different conditions.

I like to have it as a laminated card taped next to the pilot controllers, with space for annotations, as you identify settings that work best in different circumstances.

Boat autopilot set up & calibration

These elements are too often skimped, even with professionally installed systems, yet are critical for decent performance.

If the digital compass or 9-axis sensor is not properly calibrated or is installed too close to objects such as other electronics or ferrous materials it will not be accurate.

Fortunately compass calibration is simple, given flat water and space to turn the boat slowly through a turn and a quarter over a period of two or three minutes.

B & G boat autopilot systems have a clear and accessible calibration menu. Credit: Rupert Holmes

B&G systems generally allow easy access for this in the calibration menu, while for other brands it may be found in the Dealer Commissioning menu.

In all cases the manual for the pilot will guide you.

Equally, it’s easy to see that if the rudder sensor is not properly calibrated the system won’t accurately know when the rudder is central, its maximum angle in each direction, or the amount of play in the steering.

This can be easily set up without leaving the dock, again usually using the initial calibration menus and by measuring port and starboard helm angles when instructed.

Masthead wind sensors are rarely perfectly aligned, so instrument systems allow an offset figure to be entered. The best way to measure this is to motor head to wind in light airs.

NKE pilots go a step further and allow a matrix of pre-set settings to be recorded

Accurate boat speed is also needed to calculate true wind strengths and angles. In addition, most pilots have an automated calibration process that helps the system to learn the boat’s characteristics and needs to be carried out while under way.

How much effort should go into this set up?

An hour or so will get reasonable results that can make a big difference to course keeping. However, it would be a mistake to treat these results as gospel.

The Raymarine ST2000+ is a classic. It can be set to compass and wind trim mode, but calibration is limited to gain and damping

At the high end of the racing scene perfect calibration is seen as an almost unachievable holy grail, so professional navigators put a considerable amount of effort into improving their figures.

On the plus side, interfacing a boat autopilot with other marine electronics is no more difficult than for any other item.

The complexity of this task depends partly on how recent the various systems are and possibly on whether there’s a mix of products from different manufacturers, especially if they are from different eras.

External wheel pilots will benefit from the addition of a rudder angle sensor

Integration tends to be easiest on recent plug-and-play NMEA2000-based systems, but may be more complex for electronics using older protocols.

When having a boat autopilot installed professionally it’s always worth ascertaining exactly what the quote includes. Is it simply bolting the units to the boat and connecting the wiring?

Will it be networked to the existing electronics? Does the quote include dockside checks and rudder sensor calibration?

What about set up that can only be done when under way, such as compass calibration and automated initial response settings?

Tiller Pilots

Tiller steered boats without a below deck quadrant that a pilot motor and rudder angle sensor can be connected to are at a disadvantage when it comes to finding a decent boat autopilot.

In addition, many all-in-one tiller pilot models have seen little development in the last couple of decades and have a number of inherent disadvantages.

Most are connected a long distance from the rudder stock, which reduces loads on their motor, but precludes a rapid response, and there’s no provision for a rudder angle sensor.

There’s also no clutch, so the unit has to be physically connected to the tiller and disconnected every time you switch from stand-by to auto mode and vice-versa.

Tiller pilots can suffer from water ingress. Credit: Graham Snook/Yachting Monthly

In addition, the movement of the steering arm in and out of the housing changes the air pressure, making these units difficult to waterproof.

It therefore makes sense to invest in the type of tiller pilot whose motor is separate to the rest of the electronics.

That way, when water finds its way inside, it’s only likely to impact electrical connections that can often be successfully dried out, not complex electronics that may not survive.

Zest is pushed hard when racing and the system also has to survive the rigours of ocean sailing, so we searched widely for a better option.

A B&G SD10 drive keeps the motor protected below decks. Credit: Rupert Holmes

The solution was a B&G SD10 drive, which has a motor below deck connected to the tiller via a Bowden cable.

It includes a rudder angle sensor and clutch, and is powerful enough to operate on a much shorter lever than most tiller pilots – 6.5 inches from the rudder stock, instead of 18 inches.

On Raymarine ST1000/2000+ tiller pilots only Rudder Gain and Rudder Damping settings can be adjusted by the user.

Only the end of the Bowden cable is exposed with a B&G SD10 drive. Credit: Rupert Holmes

As default these are set to 5 and 3 respectively on a scale of 1-9. The manual clearly explains how to do this via the keypad and small display on the unit.

Most of us struggle to commit these kind of procedures to memory, so it’s worth copying and laminating the relevant pages of the manual, along with a brief list of key points.

These can then be kept in the cockpit and used when tweaking the settings.

Boat autopilot reliability & redundancy

The better your boat autopilot the more likely you are to rely heavily on the system, which can cause problems when it stops working.

Pilot motors tend to have a very long life, though if you plan long-distance cruising it makes sense to carry a spare.

It’s also worth remembering that, if an NMEA2000-type database goes down, the pilot won’t have inputs from the compass and rudder angle sensor, and will stop working.

In the long-distance short-handed racing arena a lot of boats are fitted with two separate pilot systems.

If you’re fitting a new boat autopilot it makes sense to keep the old one as a back-up.

Have a variety of charging sources to power your boat autopilot. Credit: Alamy

Equally, if you already have a spare motor, it makes sense to fit it on the opposite side of the boat to the primary system, rather than stowing it in a locker.

The back-up boat autopilot can then be connected to a standalone system, without interfacing with wind data.

If the budget doesn’t stretch that far, an old- school system that can be bought on eBay for £2-300 may suffice for short-term use.

Equally, reliance on an electric pilot makes it important for boats venturing long distances to have more than one form of battery charging .

Fuel cells are used a lot in the racing community, with the engine then used only as a back-up.

However, this is a costly option and cruising yachts are more likely to opt for a large array of solar panels. Sailing with a decent boat autopilot is transformative.

Passage-making is easier and markedly less tiring, while unexpected situations are easier to handle if the boat can be left to steer itself without undue worry.

For many yachts, a small amount of time, plus some updated hardware, will make a big difference to performance.

Power Consumption

The amount of electrical power a pilot will consume varies hugely between different boats and in different conditions.

In light airs and a flat sea consumption will be very low – it may even be as little as half that of an MFD.

Keep a good eye on battery charge. Power usage will vary with conditions

However, off the wind in a lumpy sea state the unit will need to work much harder to maintain course, and average consumption may rise to 2-3 amps for most 35-38ft boats.

Newer systems that offer more accurate course-keeping need less power to run the motor, although their more sophisticated course computers may be more power hungry.

It’s also worth noting that turning up the settings to make an older system hyper responsive will use more power.

Keep your motor

An old motor can work with new boat autopilot computers

The pilot motor is not an intelligent output from the pilot computer.

Therefore if you already have a decent pilot motor, it may only be the sensors or pilot computer that need upgrading to create a system with better performance.

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Autopilot modes: how to make the most of your pilot

• December 24, 2021

Pip Hare runs through the best way to set up your autopilot including adjusting the modes and best practise

I view my autopilot in the same way I view sail plan and weight distribution – a variable that must be adjusted and monitored constantly. Human beings change our steering style to suit conditions and so we must trim the autopilot in the same way. This helps not only with good course keeping and speed, but also helps optimise energy consumption.

Most autopilots are capable of several different modes of operation and the key to getting best performance is to know which mode to use when.

Compass mode

This is normally the default mode when a pilot is activated. The unit will be following a compass course. Use this mode for making passages under motor, reaching or fetching under white sails and for all sail changes.

I also favour compass mode in shifty conditions or difficult sea states when sailing upwind. If using compass mode in these conditions it would be necessary to set a softer trim on your sails to allow for variations in the wind angle.

Use twist to do this, bring the jib cars back, loosen the vang and bring the traveller up track, this will allow for a wider course variation without losing power from the sails.

For best performance an autopilot needs to be constantly monitored and adjusted. Photo: Paul Wyeth

Wind mode will steer the boat to a given wind angle. I’d choose to use wind mode when sailing upwind VMG (beating), when sailing with the wind aft of the beam or reaching with a soft sail (spinnaker or Code 0).

There will normally be an option to steer to a True Wind Angle (TWA) or an Apparent Wind Angle (AWA). As a rule of thumb choose to steer to TWA when the wind angle is 70° True or above and use AWA for anything less than that.

Using AWA upwind and TWA downwind allows the pilot to make the correct gust responses; heading up in the gusts when steering to windward while avoiding gybing downwind.

More modern pilots now tend to have an ‘auto’ wind mode which will select either AWA or TWA for you; the machine will normally switch over at 91° True. This is not a bad setting to leave the pilot in as default, but in gusty conditions if close reaching with a powerful sail, such as a Code 0, it may be more advantageous to switch to true wind mode at a higher angle. It’s worth having a dive through the settings to learn how this can be achieved.

Sail trim when using wind mode in flat waters can be fairly powerful; upwind harden your leeches using more mainsheet and set jib cars forward. Downwind use plenty of vang on the mainsail and set symmetrical spinnakers with the pole back.

In bigger waves use a softer sail trim to allow for variations in course and heel angles, soften leeches using twist and ease the spinnaker pole forwards.

Regardless of conditions I’ll always switch to compass mode for sail changes, reefing in and out. During these times the boat will be expected to change speed and balance significantly and this can make the course erratic if steering to a wind angle. So, before a sail change I switch to compass – often increasing the response time by two levels – and then switch back to wind mode once the change has been completed.

As a general rule, set the pilot to steer to TWA from 70° or above. Photo: Mike Jones/Waterline Media

GPS or waypoint mode

In this mode your autopilot will take you to a specific waypoint using a GPS course or even follow a route. This is not a mode I normally choose to use but it could be useful for crossing an area with a strong cross-tide as using COG (course over ground) to steer the boat will automatically compensate for any tidal drift.

This mode is only suitable for shorter legs, or long legs in calm conditions, as on any longer offshore passages you’ll make better progress by navigating to the weather and tidal conditions rather than directly to a waypoint. If your autopilot is capable of following a route it will normally prompt you to accept the course change for each new leg.

Rudder reference

Also known as No Follow Up (NFU) mode, most pilots have this it simply locks the rudder into one position – so the pilot is not following a course. Use this for dock checks (if your boat is moored then it’s difficult to check whether the pilot is working due to being unable to change headings and respond) by moving the rudder from side to side using the +10/-10 commands.

Rudder reference mode can also be used as emergency steering, if your pilot ram is connected directly to the quadrant and your steering cables break then you can use the pilot to move the rudder for close quarters manoeuvring as an alternative to an emergency tiller. It can also be used to lock the helm in position when hove too or lying a hull.

Tacking and gybing

If your pilot is able to sail in wind mode then it will generally have some advanced functionality around tacking and gybing which is worth investigating, particularly if you sail short-handed.

The tacking function will take your boat through a tack and can usually be set up to swing through a specific number of degrees or onto a reciprocal wind angle. I’d normally set the pilot to steer through a set number of degrees as, unless you’re very sure your wind instruments are exactly calibrated to centre (which can take quite a lot of work), tacking through a set angle will normally safeguard against coming out of the tack too high and losing steerage.

You may also have the option to trim ‘rate of turn’ through the tack. This will be a setting to change according to sea conditions, wind strengths and the make-up of your crew. For light winds or challenging sea states use a faster rate of turn, slow the tack down in strong winds with flat water.

Most autopilots have multiple modes and it’s worth learning what each one does. Photo: Paul Wyeth

If using a self-tacking jib the tacks can be fast in almost all conditions. In challenging sea states think about easing the mainsheet prior to the tack to ensure the boat does not end up head to wind if it takes a while to wind the jib on.

Gybing is not so straightforward. Some pilots will use the tack function to gybe so the same options can be chosen, but if using this make sure you have properly adjusted the settings before each gybe to avoid surprises or sudden course changes. The NKE HR pilot I used on the Vendée Globe allowed me to program a pause in the centre of the gybe, which is an incredible feature for a solo sailor on a big boat, so it would steer the boat downwind, pause while I pulled the sails around then head up onto course afterwards.

I often manage gybing manually by putting the pilot into compass mode and then steering through the gybe using the +/-10 buttons on my remote control at a speed that is right for me. This method works for gybing but would not work for tacking as speed is too slow.

Set up and networking

To access all that your pilot can do it must be networked to the rest of your instruments. If you have a mix-match of instruments or have added the pilot in at a later date then don’t overlook this functionality.

Providing the pilot with access to GPS data will provide a level of redundancy for failures of the log or compass – often allowing GPS course and speed to be used instead. Linking wind data to the pilot will allow you to access the wind mode which will provide much more comfortable and accurate course keeping.

It’s well worth investing in a remote control for your autopilot. Photo: Paul Wyeth

Invest in a remote control

With many people increasingly favouring multifunction displays to combine instruments, chartplotters and pilot, I am seeing quite a few boats now where there is only one display in the cockpit and so the pilot controls are not always close to the helm. This is often the case with twin wheeled boats.

With any autopilot set-up consider that a lone sailor should be able to turn the pilot off and take the helm from one position: this is a safety consideration as well as a practical one. You may never aim to have one person alone in the cockpit but it could happen.

Investing in a good remote control for your pilot is a good way to solve this problem without the need to buy more displays or make holes in your boat. The remote will be able to adjust the course from anywhere on board the boat, as well as engaging and disengaging the pilot.

I’d recommend mounting the remote on an elasticated arm strap which is worn on the outside of foul weather gear and handed over at the change of each watch. I favour this over a necklace arrangement as I have, on a couple of occasions, leant against a remote control that was tucked down the front of my foulie jacket, and turned the pilot off by mistake.

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• Maintenance and Systems
• Electrical and Electronics & Navigation

How Does Autopilot Work?

• Thread starter Alaskan Sea-Duction
• Start date Jan 31, 2013
• Jan 31, 2013

Alaskan Sea-Duction

In the search for my retirement boat, I have found a lot of them have an autopilot. Never having a boat with one, how does it work?  

Usually quite well. Of course they can develop problems like all devices but if a decent unit for the vessel was chosen and set up correctly it should perform for many years with minimal service or problems. On a trawler or any boat that will spend a lot of time running slow an AP can be a godsend. It can free you from constant, tiring steering corrections and keep you closer to your desired course. You must still, of course, maintain a proper watch. Collisions and groundings are not nice. SOme can be tied to a GPS for track control but even without that it will make long, multi hours, muti day runs easier. It will take some experience to learn how to get the best out of it. In rough seas some units can do better than operators particularily if the rough stuff goes on for a long time. However, it cannot anticipate a slew from a large wave, it can only react once the boat starts to slew so be carefull.  

Most marine autopilots provide two basic modes of steering the vessel, AUTO and NAV. The AUTO mode is used to make the autopilot steer the boat automatically on a set course. A compass sensor in the system provides directional information to the autopilot. When engaged, the autopilot uses the current boat heading as the set course until disengaged or overridden. In NAV mode, the steering information received from the external GPS or chart plotter alters the course to direct the autopilot to the destination waypoint. It can also follow a route consisting of multiple waypoints. It uses waypoint and cross-track information from the navigation source to follow the selected route. This has the added advantage of being able to compensate for wind and current. There are additional adjustments to match the autopilots response to the vessel's handling characteristics and to compensate for sea conditions. More sophisticated systems offer advanced features and modes for specialized functions like fishing or MOB, but in normal pleasure boat use, the AUTO and NAV modes are the most common. That is about as simple is I know how to describe autopilot usage. Hope it helps. Finally, always keep a good watch when the autopilot is engaged. No matter how well it steers your boat, it cannot see.  

Or did I misread your question , jumped to a delusion, and you meant literally 'How does it work' rather than ' How well does it work'. Fooey, Oh well here goes again. I'll leave the other post alone. Generally they use a compass, a modified magnetic moving card type with a sensor or a flux gate, which has no moving parts and can be hidden, to send the electronics a signal to show it the difference between where the vessel is actually headed and where you want it to go. The electronics then direct the hydraulic pump unit through a hydraulic cylinder to control the rudder for corrections. In some smaller units an electric motor may directly move the steering wheel, a belt, to effect the rudder control. There are other types but these are the most common on typical pleasure vessels. Man, that's simplified.  

Basically, an autopilot system allows the vessel to follow either a pre-plotted course or hold an unplotted course with minimal human interaction. The system usually consists of the course computer, a fluxgate compass or heading sensor, some type of drive mechanism, and a control head unit. The course computer can interface with your plotter to receive direction commands. Whether the autopilot is following a preplotted course or is simply holding a course, an autopilot is a great tool for easing fatigue and keeping the skipper fresher and more alert.  

Yeah, and after doing one unbroken 120nm leg just after new year, including having my pilot seat break under me, (no, I'm not that heavy, it's just...well...old...that's all)...... I WANT ONE...!  

Peter B said: Yeah, and after doing one unbroken 120nm leg just after new year, including having my pilot seat break under me, (no, I'm not that heavy, it's just...well...old...that's all)...... I WANT ONE...! Click to expand...

BaltimoreLurker

ARoss said: Hmm. In rereading that thread, I see you were looking for an autopilot back then too! You need to "git er done" http://www.trawlerforum.com/forums/s3/5-most-useful-improvements-your-boat-1585-2.html Click to expand...

If I remember correctly, your Sea Ray 300DB has Morse/Teleflex cable (push-pull) steering with a tilt steering wheel. The steering cable connects directly to the rudder arms. If so, you can probably use either a Comnav 1420 or Si-Tex SP-80, both of which are available for cable-drive steering. These autopilots replace your existing steering drive assembly (behind the dash) with an integrated autopilot drive unit that connects directly to the steering cable. They have a separate control head or remote. I'm not sure if they are available with a tilt wheel, so you may have to go with a fixed steering wheel angle. I would definitely check with the manufacturers for recommendations on your specific application. Raymarine makes a 'Sport Pilot' that bolts directly to your existing steering system. They are generally used on smaller boats, but if your steering load is light enough, this could be an option. I doubt that a belt-driven 'wheel pilot' often found on sailboats would work because of the steering wheel size and angle in your SeaRay. From experience in a prior boat, I can tell you that one of the most important aspects of this installation is to make sure that your existing cable steering is in PERFECT condition with MINIMAL slack and friction. You should be able to turn the wheel with one finger. This would be a good time to install a new, high-quality steering cable. Beyond that, I would check boating publications and boating forums for more information on autopilots for cable-steered boats. Specifically, try to find feedback on this type of autopilot installed in boats similar in size and hull form to your own. If your boat happens to have hydraulic steering, you have many more choices, Simrad, Furuno, Raymarine, Garmin, Comnav, Si-Tex, and on and on. My advice is to take your time, do your research and install it properly. I mostly single-hand my boat now and love the freedom afforded by a solid, reliable autopilot. Good luck.  

Autopilot is a great safety device too (if used correctly) It can give you time to check navigation and prepare food on long passages, I have even set my oven timer and taken 1/2 hr nap under radar proximity alarm on an all night passage. One boat has a Bendix CS21 chain & sprocket type 25 years old and still works great the other has a Robertson 3000 hydraulic also old also works great so good experiences all around here with autopilots.  

Thanks everyone. No I am not putting AP on the Sea Ray (has manual hydraulic steering) as I am not adding anything new to it. When looking at Trawlers I have seen AP on most and wondered how they work. I know understand how, will just need to play with it when I get it.  

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How Does Autopilot Work?

• Thread starter AKBASSKING
• Start date Jan 31, 2013
• Jan 31, 2013

Active Member

In the search for my retirement boat, I have found a lot of them have an autopilot. Never having a boat with one, how does it work?:huh:  

Well-Known Member

It's something once you have it you'll never want another boat without it, if you like to travel long distance. Obviously, for short cruises you don't need it. To put it in very simple terms you set the course to let's say waypoint (45 degrees), you click AUTO and now it's time to sit back and relax. The AUTOPILOT drives the boat in the almost perfect straight line to that waypoint. If you need to change the course there are couple of options. For minor adjustment you use/click few times (+1 or -1) to do it in small increments. For more rapid/sharper corrections you use/click (+10 or -10). This option you should do one click at the time to see the affects. Otherwise, you click the STANDBY button and you have the con. This is just very basic functionality which my whole crew is comfortable on using.  

FootballFan

I am ok on the lake without it. We have done alot of bareboat charters, FL - Chesapeake - Maine , some boats with it - some without. All that said - on salt water - I would not be without it. The whole reason I want to be on SW is for the cruising - Autopilot is a huge benefit. That said - autopilot in lobster pots sucks....  

In addition to what Alex mentioned, if you have pre-selected routes stored in your chart plotter, like say the route from St. Michaels to Annapolis (with all the turns along the way) then the autopilot can "follow" this route, making the turns for you. You leave St. Michaels, push a button, go take a nap and the next thing you know you're in Annapolis. Just kidding about the nap part ... you do need to remain at the helm at all times, not only for the obvious reasons of maintaining a constant look out, but also because the autopilot will beep and wait for a confirmation from you before it changes course. I did not have one in my last boat... big mistake and no one to blame but myself since I ordered it new. I didn't think I needed it since I mostly take short hops. But now, if I boat doesn't have autopilot, I don't look at it.  

Southpaw II

Another thing worth mentioning, is that on any given route, it's a fuel saver. These things drive a boat straighter than any human can. The line on the chartplotter is so straight, it looks like it's drawn. Don.  

Good points guys. As we're moving up to a slightly more advanced features I'd like to mention one of my favorites "TRACK". You put a cursor to a desired destination, choose GO-TO-CURSOR and then TRACK. The AUTOPILOT takes over and drives the boat to that exact location. Regardless what corrections you make along the way (going around lobster pots or changing course to prevent collision with other vessels) my using +/-1 or +/-10 the AUTOPILOT will bring the boat back on to the original track to stay on course getting you the most straight shot to the cursor point (the destination you defined). I love it, it's very cool and makes your operation a pleasure. As Tim mentioned, it should go without saying, having the autopilot driving the boat does not relieve you from your captain duties. Keeping the sharp look out is the only thing that will ensure safe passage. You just have no clue what can be floating out there on your path.  

WOW! Thanks for the lesson. My next boat will be a slow boat (Trawler) and I will be motoring the inside passage of Alaska using the Columbia River as my base. Then south to warmer weather if we feel like it. I also want to explore the San Juans both in the summer and in the off season. So lots of places to go and things to do. Will have to figure out the "big water" (Pacific) stuff as we are not lucky enough to have an ICW, but out here folks do a lot of harbor hopping. We have everything up for sale so we can start arranging the retirement thing. Starting with buying a dock on the lower Columbia and have 2 1/2 years to get thing in order before I pull the trigger.  

Sounds great! Slow cruising is when the autopilot will be your best friend. You'll love it. Don't buy a boat without it.  

What Alex said. The slower the boat, the more you need auto pilot.  

spikedaddy99

Can autopilot be integrated with your radar and avoid "things" it sees, or give an alarm if something is inside it's track? Mike  

spikedaddy99 said: Can autopilot be integrated with your radar and avoid "things" it sees, or give an alarm if something is inside it's track? Mike Click to expand...

• Feb 1, 2013

I like it mostly as a lazy gimmick. Never go on any serious trips so its never used to its true potential. It's nice in today's times to maintain the straightest course for the reasons the others have stated- fuel $$$. You have to maintain a lookout at all times. Even on our small lake I use it 98% of the time and do all of the steering with the rotary knob (older version). It's also fun to amuse new guests-"The boats driving itself??"  

Havana Shamrock

Havana Shamrock said: we looked at another 36Db before this one the owner claimed he set the autopilot and went down below to make food. When I asked if that was safe he answered " it's hooked up to the radar it will go around any objects with in a mile or two . I found that hard to believe and crazy to leave the helm if its true. Click to expand...

• Feb 2, 2013

tdschafer said: What kind of food though? That is important!! Click to expand...

quality time

Tim - you mean you can't just run down the middle of the Miles River?! Sent from my iPad using Tapatalk HD  

quality time said: Tim - you mean you can't just run down the middle of the Miles River?! Click to expand...

Alex F said: It's something once you have it you'll never want another boat without it, if you like to travel long distance. Obviously, for short cruises you don't need it. To put it in very simple terms you set the course to let's say waypoint (45 degrees), you click AUTO and now it's time to sit back and relax. The AUTOPILOT drives the boat in the almost perfect straight line to that waypoint. If you need to change the course there are couple of options. For minor adjustment you use/click few times (+1 or -1) to do it in small increments. For more rapid/sharper corrections you use/click (+10 or -10). This option you should do one click at the time to see the affects. Otherwise, you click the STANDBY button and you have the con. This is just very basic functionality which my whole crew is comfortable on using. Click to expand...

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